清除鐵質器物表面腐蝕物處理方式評估報告

The evaluation of cleaning methods for conserving the deteriorated ironbased artifacts

本試驗探討浸泡於海水中而腐蝕的鐵質器物，依文化資產保存修復最小干擾之原則進行去汙處理，觀察不同清除方式處理後其表面之變化。本試驗採用之表面清潔處理包括物理性清潔（噴砂、乾冰）、化學清潔（鹼液浸漬）、電化學清潔、以及雷射清潔。試驗結果可知，物理清潔可將鐵質文物表面腐蝕物清除，呈現金屬質感，亦會造成表面損失，氯化物仍有殘留，而化學處理後表面較接近腐蝕前狀況，呈金屬腐蝕之外觀，且氯化物相對較少。因此鐵質器物清潔須依據腐朽狀況與表面紋飾來選用不同的清潔方式，且處理後呈現的外觀形態亦會有差異，故處理方式的選擇均須和典藏單位或研究人員充分討論再由保存處理人員進行處理。

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the cleaning capability of total five cleaning methods used for cleaning the deteriorated iron-based samples, including three physical cleaning methods and two chemical cleaning means. The iron-based samples which were degraded by immersing in artificial seawater to simulate the artifacts excavated from underwater archaeological sites. The physical cleaning methods comprised“sand blasting”,“dry ice blasting”,; and the chemical cleaning means included“immersed in alkaline solution”and the electrochemical cleaning ; and the laser cleaning. The experiment results show the physical cleaning methods not only clean the corrosion on the iron-based samples but also cause losses on the sample surface; the chemical cleaning means result in the relatively slight losses on the sample surface. As a result, when the conservators have to preserve the iron-based artifacts, the cleaning method should be evaluated and considered seriously and more specifically.