大陸對外漢語文化教學：問題與對策

The Teaching of Chinese Culture in Mainland TCFL Classrooms: Problems and Solutions

本研究旨在研究影響中國大陸對外漢語教學課堂中文化教學的相關因素。通過分析對外漢語教科書和針對漢語學習者的問卷調查，我們發現目前大多數對外漢語教科書存在厚古薄今的問題，這一現象給漢語學習者造成了錯誤的觀念，不能滿足學習者的需求。大多數漢語學習者想瞭解更多與中國人日常生活有關以及如何與中國人打交道方面的文化內容，現有教科書中厚古薄今的內容不能滿足學習者的需求。通過教師訪談，我們發現對外漢語教師對於對外漢語課堂應教授哪些中國文化內容模糊不清，造成這一現象的主要原因在於大陸快速現代化進程所帶來的身份危機以及弘揚中國文化中的意識形態控制。本研究結論認為：大陸對外漢語課堂中的文化教學的影響因素包括教科書的厚古薄今現象、大陸身份危機以及語言教學中的意識形態控制。要改變目前的狀況，需要對教科書編撰進行改革，消除教科書與現實脫節的問題；同時，對外漢語教師與研究學者對於何為現代中國以及傳播何種中國文化應達成共識。

This research investigates the factors influencing the teaching of Chinese culture in mainland classrooms of teaching Chinese as a foreign language (TCFL). Through textbook analysis and student survey, it is found out that most of the textbooks are ancient-oriented, which causes misconception to the Chinese language learners and does not meet the need of learners. Most of Chinese language learners want to know more about Chinese daily life and how to interact with Chinese people while the ancient-oriented textbooks could not meet their needs. The teacher interview reveals that most teachers are confused on what cultural forms should be taught in TCFL classrooms, which result from the identity crisis caused by the on-going modernization in China and the ideological control on culture promotion. This research concludes that the teaching of Chinese culture in TCFL classroom is affected by the ancient-oriented textbooks, the identity crisis in China's mainland and the ideological control in language teaching. To change the status quo, a reform in textbook compilation should be started to bridge the gap between the China in the book and the China in reality; and to teach modern Chinese culture, teachers and scholars should reach a consensus on what a modern China is and what should be presented to the Chinese learners in TCFL classrooms.