赴越工作者的工作與社會生活狀況與其健康影響：初探調

Working and social life conditions of Taiwanese expatriates in Vietnam and their impacts on health: an exploratory survey

目標：探討赴越工作者的工作與社會生活狀況及其健康影響。方法：於2023年2-5月間，針對赴越工作至少六個月以上的台灣籍工作者進行問卷調查，有效樣本388份。在工作面向，檢視產業類別、聘僱型態、職務類型、工時、收入等資訊；在社會生活面向，蒐集居住越南時間、越語能力、赴越居住安排；在健康面向，蒐集自評健康、心理健康、個人疲勞，及過去一年因工作受傷或罹病之狀況與經驗。結果：調查結果顯示，赴越工作者以男性、40歲以下、大學或以上學歷者居多，產業類型以製造業居多，大多為受僱者且以管理職及專業職居多；每週工作天數五天以上（73.2%）與每日平均工時10小時或以上（20.0%）比例偏高，而工作收入以每月八萬元或以上居多（64.7%）。超過七成工作者赴越年資超過2年，但能以越語溝通比例不到三成；超過半數工作者獨自居住於廠區宿舍；而心理健康不佳、疲勞程度屬嚴重，與曾因工作受傷或罹病比例較國內工作者普遍。迴歸分析顯示，每日工時大於10小時，為心理健康不佳、疲勞、因工作受傷或罹病的預測因子；赴越工作資歷5年或以上，是健康不佳的顯著預測因子。結論：赴越工作者工時過長、心理健康不佳、疲勞與職業傷病風險偏高，值得勞動主管單位、企業與外派工作者關注。

Objectives: To investigate the work and social life and their influences on health among Taiwanese expatriates in Vietnam. Methods: Taiwanese expatriates who had worked in Vietnam for at least 6 months were invited to participate in an online survey from February to May 2023. A total of 388 valid questionnaires were collected. Information regarding the participants’industry, employment status, occupation, work hours, wage or income, duration of stay, language proficiency, and living arrangements was obtained. In addition, data regarding the participants’self-reported health, mental health, personal burnout, and experiences of work-related injuries or illnesses over the preceding year were obtained. Results: Taiwanese expatriates working in Vietnam were predominantly men under 40 years of age with a college degree or above and were working primarily as employees in manufacturing sectors in managerial and professional positions. Their work hours were long, with 73.2% working more than 5 days per week and 20.0% working 10 hours or more per day, but they had a relatively high income. Although over 70% of the participants stayed in Vietnam for over 2 years, less than 30% of them were able to communicate in Vietnamese. Over half of the participants lived alone in factory dormitories. Compared with general workers in Taiwan, the participants reported more mental health problems, higher burnout, and more work-related injuries and illnesses. Regression results revealed that working for over 10 hours per day was associated with increased risks of poor mental health, burnout, and work-related injuries or illnesses. In addition, staying in Vietnam for 5 years or more was associated with an increased risk of poor psychophysical health. Conclusions: Labor authorities and businesses should pay attention to the fact that expatriates work overly long hours and are at an increased risk of psychophysical health problems and occupational injuries.