從新手至熟練臨床照護能力之轉換歷程

The Clinical Competence of Nurses: From Novices Transitioning Into Experts

本研究旨在探討護理人員從新手到熟練臨床照護能力之轉換歷程，採質性研究，以半結構訪談方式，共訪談10位護理人員，並以內容分析法加以分析、歸類。結果包括三個階段：（一）適應階段：基本能力之穩固、溝通技巧之學習、時間管理之掌握、支持環境之加持；（二）嫻熟能力階段：實作經驗之累積、與醫療團隊之對話、多元知識之涉獵，以及他人經驗之省思；（三）掌控自主階段：準確評估人的需求、反思與檢視自我、激發自我潛能，以及肯定專業價值。研究結果可供護理主管瞭解新進護理人員至熟練臨床照護能力之轉換可能面臨的問題與感受，協助其順利渡過轉換期，並成為新進人員適應環境之參考。

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of nurses as they develop their clinical competence and transition from being novices to experts. This study was designed using a qualitative research approach, and semi structured interviews were conducted with the participation of 10 nurses. The interview data were recorded and subsequently transcribed for conducting content analysis, which showed that transitioning consists of three stages: (1) the adapting stage, which includes focusing on stabilizing basic abilities, learning effective communication and time management skills, and identifying and using available support systems; (2) increasing familiarity with competence, and in this stage nurses accumulate medical experience, actively participate in health team discussions, study multiple courses, and conduct introspection regarding the experiences of other nurses; and (3) The mastering stage is the fi nal stage, during which nurses thoroughly assess human needs, undergo self-reflection, and self-examination, receive inspiration for their potential competence, and affi rm the acquisition of professional values. To enhance the help and support that nurse managers can provide nurses during the transition process, nurse managers can consult the results of this study to enhance their understanding of the process and the problems and perceptions of novice nurses. Moreover, hospital management might use these fi ndings as a reference for training novice nurses and establishing programs for preceptors to mentor new staff members.