護理臨床教師教學回饋技巧訓練效果維持之探討

A Study of Maintenance Teaching Feedback Skills of Nursing Preceptors

教育訓練在護理人員的教學扮演著重要角色，但教育訓練效果維持較少有文獻探討；本研究旨在探討教學回饋技巧訓練課程後1年內對護理臨床教師自評與其學員評量護理臨床教師教學回饋技巧之改變。採觀察性研究設計，研究對象為某醫學中心內、外、綜合科或急重症單位之護理臨床教師及其學員各120人，實驗組之護理臨床教師接受3小時之教學回饋技巧訓練課程。收案之護理臨床教師及其學員均須填寫五次教學回饋技巧評量表，完成的實驗組為50組，控制組為38組。結果顯示實驗組護理臨床教師自評教學回饋技巧總平均前測74.72分、訓練後在1、3、9及12個月分別為76.40分、77.76分、76.28分、77.00分；學員評量前測76.04分、訓練後在1、3、9及12個月分別為76.78分、77.98分、78.14分及77.88分，均未達顯著差異。控制組護理臨床教師自評及其學員評量護理臨床教師教學回饋技巧，均未達顯著差異。護理臨床教師回饋技巧評量工具共五個構面，四次後測得分與前測，未達顯著差異。結果顯示教學回饋技巧訓練課程在追蹤1年後成效不明確，建議宜修訂教育訓練內容、方式或增加頻次，以提升護理臨床教師教學回饋技巧技能。

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a teaching training program in improving preceptors' teaching feedback skills. The study involved an observational survey under time series framework, through 5 rounds of pre-and-post test to compare the difference between experiment group and control group. The members of experiment group and control group were randomly sampled out of a medical center, consisted of 120 nurses with 60 pairs of preceptor and trainee for each group. A 3-hour teaching training program was offered to those preceptors among experiment group, but non-applicable to those preceptors among control group. The scores regarding the feedback skills were evaluated by the preceptors and their trainees, using a questionnaire with 16 items. The 5 round tests were conducted at first test (pretest), and 4 post-tests by 1 month, 3 months, 9 months and 12 months after training, respectively. During the study period, there were 50 pairs in experimental group and 38 pairs in control group completed the scoring processes, due to member resignations. According to the results of pretest, the average score for preceptors was 74.27 points for the experimental group and 76.15 points for the control group, in which were not reach statistically signifi cant difference between two groups. As for the posttest of preceptors after training, the average scores of 4 posttests (1M, 3M, 9M and 12M-posttest) were 76.4, 77.76, 76.28 and 77.0, respectively, where showed no signifi cant difference with that score of pretest. Regarding the posttest results to trainees among experimental group, the average scores of 4 posttests (1M, 3M, 9M and 12M-posttest) were 76.78, 77.98, 78.14 and 77.88, respectively, where also presented no signifi cant difference with that score of pretest. The testing results no matter who were preceptors or trainees in control group, of which had shown no signifi cant difference as well. However, another funding was observed that the experimental group had a lower turnover rate than the control group did during posttest. In closing, the results of this study suggested that the ability of feedback skills decreased over time. A standardized curriculum to improve preceptors' teaching feedback skills might be arranged periodically.