CEDAW的臺灣實踐：回顧與檢討

The Implementation of CEDAW in Taiwan

臺灣自2012年CEDAW施行以來，其施行的方法、流程和考核上，逐漸已成為各級政府機關熟悉的作業。不過，本文強調臺灣的CEDAW實踐不僅將性別平等當作是政府內部的作業而已，民間社會的參與也是推動和實踐的重要一環。本文首先回顧臺灣推動CEDAW施行的過程，民間社會如何與行政內部的合作夥伴一起裡應外合推動CEDAW在立法院的審議，並且通力合作首創臺灣獨特的國家報告審查機制。CEDAW的內國法化跟隨著兩公約的腳步，以推動施行法的方式努力，終在立法院於2011年5月20日通過CEDAW施行法，並於2012年1月1日實施。本文詳細回顧了CEDAW實施後所進行的各項落實，包括三次國家報告的撰寫和審查，以及兩次的法規檢視。本文進而指出，儘管在CEDAW的實施上有性平處作為專責機構，但仍有幾項待改進的地方，包括各部會積極度及配合度不一、現有考核監督效果有限以及行政院外以外之憲政機關推動進度和配合度不一的問題。本文分析，國家的CEDAW遵循應有外部監督機制和內部監督機制並行，我國獨特的外部監督機制是仿照CEDAW委員會在臺灣本地舉行的國際專家報告審查機制，具有一定的成效。然而內部的監督機制部分，並未依照立法院的附帶決議在五院中設置，在2020年監察院成立國家人權委員會後，依其法定職權應可就CEDAW內部監督發揮一定的效力。

Taiwan has implemented the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women(CEDAW) since the enactment of the CEDAW Implementation Law(CEDAWIA) in 2012. Pursuant to the CEDAWIA, the government has undergone three rounds of the review process for state reports and two rounds of norm-congruency examinations. Each agency in the government has become more and more familiar with the goal, proceedings, and monitoring mechanism of the CEDAW implementation after a decade long state practice. This article reviews the process of the advocacy, ratification, domestication, and implementation of CEDAW in Taiwan. After thoroughly examining the operation of the implementation, this article points out that the current practice has a few shortcomings; they include firstly, the different degree of cooperation/compliance among departments within the Administrative, and among different Yuans or municipalities, and secondly, limited effects of the current domestic monitoring and assessment program. This article argues that the monitor and assessment of CEDAW implementation must be taken from both outside and within. The outside monitor mechanism has been established through a unique review process of the CEDAW state report by inviting independent international experts to review the prepared report and hold face-to-face meetings with both government officials and NGO representatives in Taiwan. This article suggests that the domestic monitor and assessment process needs to be strengthened in order to effectively realize the recommendations made by the independent experts.