雪山雪東線步道土生大型真菌多樣性調查

Species diversity of soil macrofungi along the East Xue trail of Xue mountain, Shei-Pa National Park

大型真菌物種多樣性易藉由子實體來收集與量化，並可以透過子實體採集調查地區性大型真菌資源。本研究自2019年5至10月於雪山雪東線步道共採集493份標本，以外觀形態區分成156個形態種，分屬11目21科，餘89份標本未能分類。在科層的形態種多樣性而言，絲膜菌科46種最多，依次為紅菇科40種，牛肝菌目17種，鵝膏科12種等為主要組成。目前可鑑定至種階層的物種共有39種，除黃地匙菌為子囊菌門外，其餘皆為擔子菌門，分屬14科17屬。形態種91.6%為外生菌根菌，推測因步道沿線為外生菌根菌提供足量且多樣化的宿主，使菌根菌比例較腐生菌高，或是步道沿線的腐植質較少所導致。本研究發現，雖然海拔可藉水熱條件的變化影響大型真菌的分布，但與外生菌根菌多樣性組成變化沒有一致性，植被組成、擾動等因子對大型真菌的組成與多樣性具有影響。此外，研究區的大型真菌多樣性非常高;而156個形態種中僅約1/4種類可以鑑定至種，顯示大型真菌的分類基礎研究仍有待持續進行。

Macrofungi can be easily surveyed through fruiting body collection to assess local fungal resources and biodiversity. In this study, 493 soil macrofungi specimens were collected from May to October of 2019 along the East Xue Trail of Xue Mountain. A total of 156 morphotypes were classified into 21 families of 11 orders. 89 specimens remained unidentified. The family with the highest species richness was Cortinariaceae (46 species), followed by Russulaceae (40 species), Boletales (17 species), and Amanitaceae (12 species). Currently, only 39 species could be identified to the species level. They were classified to 17 genera, 16 families of Basidiomycota with the exception of Spathularia flavida (Ascomycota). 91.6% of the morphotypes belonged to ectomycorrhizal fungi. The high ratio of ectomycorrhizal fungi could be resulted from either the abundant and diverse host plants or the low soil organic matters along the trailside. Our results revealed that the macrofungal distribution was affected by elevation through hydrothermal variation, whereas the ectomycorrhizal diversity and elevation was not correlated. Vegetation composition and disturbance had significant effects on the composition of macrofungal community. Additionally, this study showed that macrofungal species diversity was high at the study site. Since only a quarter of the 156 morphotypes could be identified to species level, further detailed investigations on the fundamental taxonomy of macrofungi are necessary.