論神經喜劇視域下張愛玲小說的喜劇特徵

On the Comedy Features of Zhang Ailing Novels from the Perspective of Screwball Comedy

20世紀40年代，張愛玲初登上海文壇，便大放異彩，被人們譽稱是橫空出世。但她的一舉成名，則與她從當時馳名世界的好萊塢電影中汲取養分有著密切關聯，她將常年積累的觀影經驗，沉澱為了小說創作中獨特的敘事技巧。時空體的自由轉換，戲劇性的情節發展，這些電影化特徵被張愛玲兼收並蓄，她對「上鏡頭性」、「特寫」等影像修辭格的視覺化移植，既在感官層面帶給讀者強烈的畫面感，又強化了小說語言在深入人物內心方面的優勢。而她小說敘事中對性別、經濟階級和價值觀念的矛盾處理，亦頗具好萊塢神經喜劇的風格。長久以來，對張愛玲小說的研究經常援引她「蔥綠配桃紅」、「人生是一襲華麗的長袍，上面爬滿了蝨子」的說法，標舉著參差對照的蒼涼美學這一面向進行深入探討，卻往往忽略了她小說喜劇風格的一面。即使偶有觀照到張愛玲喜劇化的特徵，也多是棄小說於不顧，側重談論張愛玲在電影劇作上的喜劇才能。而事實上，張愛玲在她小說創作上所闡揚出的喜劇性同樣值得矚目。好萊塢神經喜劇對她創作的影響不單單只映射在她嘗試電影劇作的層面，也體現在她小說寫作的文本範式和語詞罅隙間。本文擬從好萊塢神經喜劇的視域出發，試論張愛玲小說在情節書寫與文本對白中體現出的喜劇特徵。

In the 1940s, Zhang Ailing made her debut in Shanghai's literary world, and she was reputedly born out of nowhere. But her fame in one fell swoop was closely related to the nourishment she drew from the world-famous Hollywood movies at the time. She used her years of accumulated experience in watching movies into her unique narrative skills in her novel creation. The free transformation of time and space, the development of dramatic plots, these film features are eclectic by Zhang Ailing. Her visual transplantation of ''photographic'' , ''close-up'' and other image rhetoric, not only brings readers a strong sense of picture on the sensory level , And strengthened the advantages of the novel language in reaching the characters' hearts. And the contradictory treatment of gender, economic class and values in her novel narrative also has the style of Hollywood neurocomedy. For a long time, research on Zhang Ailing’s novels often quoted her sayings that ''green and pink'' and ''life is a gorgeous robe covered with lice'', and marked the contrasting desolation aesthetics for in-depth discussion. But it often overlooks the comedy style of her novels. Even if I occasionally observe the characteristics of Zhang Ailing's comedicization, most of them abandon the novel and focus on talking about Zhang Ailing's comedic talent in film production. In fact, Zhang Ailing's comedy in her novel creation is also worthy of attention. The influence of Hollywood Screwball Comedy on her creation is not only reflected in the level of her attempted movie dramas, but also reflected in the textual paradigm and gaps in her novel writing. This article intends to start from the perspective of Hollywood neurocomedy, and try to discuss the comedic characteristics of Zhang Ailing's novels in plot writing and text dialogue.