「異」鄉「原」位──〈安汶假期〉、《老鷹，再見》中移位、易位與錯位的鄉愁

Replacement, Displacement, Misplacement: On the Polemics of Nostalgia in ＂Ambon Vacation＂ and Goodbye, Eagle

〈安汶假期〉與《老鷹，再見》分別為新加坡作家謝裕民與臺灣排灣族女作家伊苞的創作，〈安汶假期〉以兩條跨時空脈絡敘述了一個家族的複雜遷徙史，描寫一對定居於新加坡父子的尋根旅程。此家族的十世祖在朝代更迭之際渡海欲投奔鄭成功，不料一場風暴改變了整個家族混血、根的轉移與尋根的複雜歷程。《老鷹，再見》則為排灣族女作家伊苞敘述自身參與西藏轉山行之作，在這趟前往異文化的旅程中，作家卻不期然的衍生了一種移位／易位／錯位的鄉愁與回歸。兩部作品皆涉及了個體在時空流轉中的身分認同意識探討，無論是華人移民的流動或原住民族在各種不同歷史社會變動情境的移動，流動的主體在歷時甚長的轉易／轉裔過程下，原鄉何在？成為小自個人大至族群的大哉問！近年或有論者從移民世代轉裔的視角提出「離散有其終時」，然而自古以來空間與身分認同間的矛盾與複雜早已存在，身分的形成並非單一的，而是一連串空間置位過程的指認，既是對既有空間的接受也是關於象徵空間的創造。象徵空間的創造或指認往往在人的流動中形成一種「殘留的」觸媒，引發看似流逝的「原位」想像與落實。因此，本文擇取關於兩類不同流動主體的敘事文本，藉此探討依附於現實依據的空間意象如何化為歷史現場，對於轉易／轉裔主體所產生的作用。

＂Ambon Vacation＂ 安汶假期 and Goodbye, Eagle 老鷹再見 are two novels respectively written by the Singaporean author Chia Joo Ming 謝裕民 and the Taiwanese aboriginal female author Dadelavan Ibau of the Paiwan Tribe 伊苞. The former novel contains two storylines that crisscross in time and space, telling the circuitous migration route of a family with the father and son seeking their homeland. Followers of Koxinga in the aftermath of the fall of the Ming, the family's ancestors had intended to sail to Taiwan, but their ship was blown off course to one of the Muluka islands by a typhoon. The typhoon altered the family's destiny, transplanting its roots and even its ethnic kinship ties. The latter novel describes the experience of its author, Ibau, performing the Kora pilgrimage in Tibet. During this pilgrimage, undertaken in a different region with a different culture, she experiences an unexpected sense of nostalgia and belonging, as well as feelings of replacement, displacement and misplacement. These two stories revolve around the theme of how an individual comes to terms with his or her identity consciousness with the passage of time and the transposition of space. For those who experience a long period of ＂place-change＂ and ＂race-change＂ (be it the migration of Han Chinese or the altered state of existence of indigenous people) in different historical contexts, a question arises: where exactly is his or her hometown? This is an intriguing question that confronts every person, society and ethnic group. Recently, the theory that ＂diaspora has an expiration date＂ has been proposed from the perspective of settlement and assimilation following migration. However, since ancient times, the contradictions and complexities inherent in ＂location＂ and ＂identity＂ have never ceased. Identity is ever-changing and varies depending on different locations and contingent experiences. It points to one's acceptance of a given location and one's creation of a symbolic location. For migrants, the creation and recognition of a symbolic location have usually generated a ＂residual＂ longing for bygone time and space, a catalyst which stimulates the immigrant's imagination regarding the diminishing ＂original location.＂ In sum, this article focuses on two novels that feature different migrant protagonists; it discusses how reality-based spatial imagery turns into a historical venue, and how it affects the protagonists undergoing place-change and race-change.