社區居家養老模式下社區公共環境適老化評估體系的構建與分析

Construction and Analysis of Community Public Environment Suitable Ageing Assessment System under Community Home Care Model

隨著老齡化時代的到來，如何養老已經成為全社會關心的問題，社區居家養老已經發展成我國最重要的養老模式，社區公共環境適老化狀況也隨之成為全社會關注的焦點。本研究的目的在於通過對國家政策規範梳理和文獻資料統計，篩選出社區公共環境適老化的評估指標，進而構建社區公共環境適老化的評估構面與準則。研究分兩個部分：第一部分通過對相關養老法律規範整理和文獻資料的統計，構建社區公共環境適老化評估體系；第二部分是對社區公共環境適老化評估體系進行分析討論。研究結果表明：社區公共環境適老化評估體系可由「社區道路系統」、「社區公共設施」、「社區交往活動空間」和「社區景觀配置」4項構面及26個指標構成。通過對受測者的基本屬性分析得知，初中以下學歷者對「社區公共設施」和「社區交往活動空間」的依賴性高於高中職以上學歷者，運用回歸分析法對評估體系進行分析得知，「社區道路系統」滿意程度對社區公共環境適老化滿意程度最高。本研究成果將可為社區公共環境建設時，於初始階段為適老化建設提供適切的衡量標準。

With the advent of the age of aging, how to provide for the elderly has become a concern of the whole society. The community home-based care for the elderly has developed into the most important mode of care for the elderly in our country, and the aging of the public environment in the community has become the focus of attention of the whole society. The purpose of this study is to sort out the assessment indicators of community public environment suitable ageing by sorting out national policy norms and document statistics, and then to construct the assessment facets and guidelines of community public environment suitable ageing. The research is divided into two parts: The first part is to construct a community public environment suitable ageing assessment system by collating relevant laws and regulations for the elderly and statistics of literature data. The second part is the analysis and discussion of the community public environment suitable ageing assessment system. The research results show that the community public environment suitable ageing assessment system can be composed of four aspects and 26 indicators: ＂community road system＂, ＂community public facilities＂, ＂community interaction space＂ and ＂community landscape configuration＂. According to the analysis of the basic attributes of the testes, it is known that those with a degree below junior high school have a higher dependence on ＂community public facilities＂ and ＂community communication activity space＂ than those with a junior high school education or higher. The regression analysis method was used to analyze the evaluation system. It was found that the satisfaction level of the ＂community road system＂ is the highest for the community's public environment. The results of this research will provide appropriate measures for ageing construction in the initial stage of community public environment construction.