溫室氣體減量及管理法排放額度法律性質與配套措施之研究

Studies on Legal Nature of Emission Allowance and Supplementary Measures of Taiwan's GHGs Emission Reduction and Management Act

本文回顧排放交易制度的管制理論，說明排放交易制度是採取數量管制措施中以總量管制加交易的方式來協助污染者實施減量行動。並藉由參考歐盟、美國、韓國與德國的立法例的經驗，討論未來我國制訂排放交易管制制度與規則時應該同時考慮的事項。最後結論如下：一、我國溫管法規定中排放額度的內容與國際氣候公約及歐盟所規定的配額與額度不同，法律性質亦不同；二、建議我國溫室氣體減量及管理法中規定的排放額度，其法律性質應該定為行政法上的反射利益，並應新增排放額度登記管理辦法；三、排放交易市場跟農產運銷市場相似，均屬於封閉的特殊交易市場，不建議參考韓國模式（即不建議由財政機關負責排放交易市場監管的經驗與模式）；四、建議排放交易市場監理機關的設置應參考德國模式，在環保署之下另外成立「排放交易管理局」作為市場的監理機關。最後建議主管機關應該儘早實施排放交易制度，以便累積實際交易數據與經驗。

This article reviews the theories for establishing emission trading scheme which adopts the cap-and-trade method described in quantity control measure. The legislative experiences from international climate treaties, EU, USA, South Korea, and Germany provide valuable lessons for Taiwan to establish its emission trading scheme and other related regulations. This article makes following conclusions: 1) The contents and legal nature of emission allowances in Taiwan's GHG Reduction and Management Act are different from the allowances in EU and international climate treaties. 2) The legal nature of the emission allowances in the Taiwan's GHG Reduction and Management Act shall be defined as reflective interest of the Administrative law. The TEPA shall make the new management regulation of emission allowance registration. 3) Both agriculture products trading market and GHG emission trading market belong to closed and special trading market. The Ministry of Treasury shall not be assigned as the competent authorized agency to manage GHGs emission trading market. 4) Germany experience provides good lesson on choosing competent authorized agency to manage Taiwan's emission trading market. The government should establish ''The Emission Trading Management Council'' under the Taiwan Environment Protection Administration (TEPA). 5)Finally, the TEPA shall implement the emission trading scheme as soon as possible with the aim of gaining practical experiences and collecting essential GHGs trading data from the actual transactions.