中國大陸勞動爭議現狀及影響因素分析

An analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of labor disputes in the Chinese mainland

勞動爭議是反映社會勞動關係狀況的綜合性指標，隨著《勞動合同法》的實施以及勞動者維權意識的提高，中國大陸勞動爭議正呈現出數量增加、類型多樣、調處難度增大等特點。本文利用2008至2017年中國30個省市的面板資料，一方面分析了中國大陸勞動爭議的基本現狀、原因、處理方式與結果，另一方面實證識別了影響勞動爭議的宏觀經濟因素。研究發現：2013至2017年五年的當期受理案件數明顯高於2008年至2012年五年的當期案件受理數；2008年至2017年使用仲裁調解方式來解決勞動爭議的比例不斷增長，使用仲裁裁決方式來處理勞動爭議的比例處於較為穩定的水準，而使用其他方式來處理勞動爭議的比例不斷下降；因勞動報酬引發的勞動爭議始終居於主導地位，因社會保險引發的勞動爭議所占比例略高於因解除、終止勞動合同引發的勞動爭議比例；城鄉收入差距、建立勞動爭議調解委員會的基層工會比例、出口依存度、城鎮登記失業率、失業保險覆蓋率等經濟變數對勞動爭議水準存在正向影響；產業結構、人力資本水準、實際GDP環比增長率對勞動爭議水準存在負向影響。

labor dispute is a comprehensive indicator reflecting the status of social labor relations. With the implementation of the labor contract law and the improvement of workers' awareness of safeguarding rights, China's labor dispute is showing the characteristics of increasing number, diversity of types and increasing difficulty in mediation. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2008 to 2017, on the one hand, this paper analyzes the basic status, causes, handling methods and results of labor disputes in China, on the other hand, it empirically identifies the macroeconomic factors affecting labor disputes. It is found that: the number of cases accepted in the five years from 2013 to 2017 is significantly higher than that in the five years from 2008 to 2012; from 2008 to 2017, the proportion of using arbitration and mediation to solve labor disputes is growing, the proportion of using arbitration and adjudication to deal with labor disputes is at a relatively stable level, while the proportion of using other methods to deal with labor disputes is growing The proportion of labor disputes caused by social insurance is slightly higher than that caused by rescission or termination of labor contracts; the economic variables such as the income gap between urban and rural areas, the proportion of grass-roots labor unions establishing labor dispute mediation committees, the degree of dependence on exports, the registered unemployment rate in urban areas, the coverage rate of unemployment insurance and so on The level of labor dispute has a positive impact; industrial structure, human capital level, real GDP growth rate have a negative impact on the level of labor dispute.