競技運動認知神經科學研究發展及未來趨勢

Sport Cognitive Neuroscience: Present and Future

競技運動選手的精湛表現與大腦運作機制息息相關，而利用大腦神經測量工具，探究人類身體最大潛能的研究領域，被稱為「競技運動認知神經科學（sport cognitive neuroscience）」。競技運動認知神經科學是以心生理學為基礎，結合運動心理學理論，並應用神經科學技術，而演變成為獨特的研究領域，其研究主軸關注於運動選手的大腦處理機制與運動表現之間的關係，主要的測量工具為「腦電波」（electroencephalography, EEG）和「功能性磁振造影」（functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI）。本文的目的為回顧競技運動認知神經科學相關研究，提出未來研究建議。文內將簡述競技運動認知神經科學領域之發展演變和重要理論，並對上述二種大腦測量工具進行簡介；之後，回顧競技運動認知神經科學使用腦電波和功能性磁振造影的相關研究，以橫斷性研究和縱貫性研究分類，再分別針對不同測量與分析方法進行討論；最後，針對未解決之議題進行探討，並提供國內學者未來研究可行方向與建議。

Athletic performance is closely related to brain mechanisms. Sport cognitive neuroscience, an area of research utilizing brain imaging tools for the understanding of potential in human motor performance with roots in psychophysiology, has incorporated sport psychology theories and neuroscience techniques to evolve as a distinct research field. Research topics in this field mainly focus on the relationship between neurocognitive processing and athletic performance by recording the neural activity with brain imaging tools, particularly with electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This paper reviews relevant research on sport cognitive neuroscience with an emphasis on work conducted by local researchers. An overview of the evolution and theories of sport cognitive neuroscience is provided, as well as exploration of studies categorized by the cross-sectional and longitudinal design in sport cognitive neuroscience using EEG and fMRI. Lastly, the unresolved issues in the previous studies are discussed, with suggestions for future studies.