「明清之際」視域下杜詩學的一個側影－從「前惟山谷後錢盧」談起

Analyzing Du Fu's Poetry from the Perspective of the Ming-Qing Transition-Taking Wang Shizhen's 'Before Shangu, After Qian-Lu' as a Point of Departure

「前惟山谷後錢盧」乃王士禛〈戲仿元遺山論詩絕句三十二首〉其五對「杜家箋傳」脈絡和典範注家重新界定的開創性說法，透過王詩所展露「明清之際」的觀看視野，吾人可挖掘清初杜詩學的內在意蘊。本文將描述「無意於文」到「哀時託興」兩種杜詩解釋途徑和其視角轉換的軌跡；首先，突出元好問的杜詩學觀點為中介；其次，分別剖析盧世㴶、錢謙益箋注立場和目的，置諸易代時空、世變場景中，詳密推求；進由詩壇「錢王代興」現象，捕捉、描繪漁洋「論詩」所展望的杜詩學景觀，察覺其深刻文理下，與當時「明遺民性詩學」話語系統間的關係。由是，本文具杜詩學和明清詩學上的雙重意義和研究價值。
Wang Shizhen 王士禛 employed the phrase 'before Shangu 山谷, after Qian-Lu 錢盧' to describe the tradition of annotation on Du Fu's 杜甫 poetry. In his discussions of Du Fu, Wang attempted to redefine the style of poetic annotation advanced by the Jin and Yuan dynasty literatus Yuan Haowen 元好問. Through an analysis of the perspective on the Ming-Qing transition revealed in Wang Shizhen's poems, it is possible to elucidate Du Fu's poetic significance in the early Qing dynasty. This article describes two interpretative approaches to Du Fu's poetry that reveal a shift in perspective from 'unintentionally writing prose' to 'inspiring emotion by expressing sadness about the times.' I begin by providing an account of Yuan Haowen's point of view on Du Fu's poetry. I then proceed to analyze the status and purpose of Lu Shique's 盧世㴶 and Qian Qianyi's 錢謙益notes and commentary on Du Fu during the Ming-Qing transition. Finally, I examine Wang Shizhen's discussions of Du Fu's poetics, and their relationship to the poetics of Ming loyalism through the generational succession from Qian to Wang. Thus, this study sheds light on both the poetics of Du Fu and the poetics of the Qing Dynasty.

Wang Shizhen 王士禛 employed the phrase 'before Shangu 山谷, after Qian-Lu 錢盧' to describe the tradition of annotation on Du Fu's 杜甫 poetry. In his discussions of Du Fu, Wang attempted to redefine the style of poetic annotation advanced by the Jin and Yuan dynasty literatus Yuan Haowen 元好問. Through an analysis of the perspective on the Ming-Qing transition revealed in Wang Shizhen's poems, it is possible to elucidate Du Fu's poetic significance in the early Qing dynasty. This article describes two interpretative approaches to Du Fu's poetry that reveal a shift in perspective from 'unintentionally writing prose' to 'inspiring emotion by expressing sadness about the times.' I begin by providing an account of Yuan Haowen's point of view on Du Fu's poetry. I then proceed to analyze the status and purpose of Lu Shique's 盧世㴶 and Qian Qianyi's 錢謙益notes and commentary on Du Fu during the Ming-Qing transition. Finally, I examine Wang Shizhen's discussions of Du Fu's poetics, and their relationship to the poetics of Ming loyalism through the generational succession from Qian to Wang. Thus, this study sheds light on both the poetics of Du Fu and the poetics of the Qing Dynasty.