認識兒童骨折與照護

Fractures of Children and Nursing

兒童意外事故中骨骼的傷害佔10~15%，未成熟的兒童骨骼在解剖、生物學及生理學具有其獨特性，骨折癒合速度快、骨折處會過渡生長及重塑潛力，可藉由放射線、超音波及核磁共振掃描予以正確診斷。兒童骨折處理有別於大人的手術治療，多以石膏或牽引復位為優先治療考量。兒童骨折之照護旨在促進兒童身體與心理舒適，降低焦慮、緩解疼痛、提供石膏、牽引、手術前後護理、預防感染及避免臥床之合併症，配合長期追蹤骨骼生長，以避免骨折意外事件為兒童成長帶來心理的陰影。

Musculoskeletal injuries comprise about 10 ~ 15 % of all children's accidents. Children's rapidgrowth, bone remodeling potential, elastic bone, physis, thick periosteum, and smaller anatomicstructures distinguish pediatric from adult orthopedic trauma management.Correct diagnosis by radiographic, ultrasonographic and MRI assessment of injuries is veryimportant. Because of children's difference from adults in areas such as physiologic, biological andanatomic characteristics, the majority of pediatric fractures have been treated with cast, tractionand closed reduction .The main purposes of treating children's fractures are to provide mental and physical comfort,reduce anxiety, pain relief, pre and post operation wound care, and to prevent complications. Longterm follow-up for the musculoskeletal system is mandatory, and decreases psychological impactafter trauma.