部落職：朝向集體權利的原住民族社會工作

Approaching Collective Rights for Indigenous Social Work in Taiwan: A View of Indigenous Community-hood

當代臺灣原住民族社會工作論述和實務發展，從補償式的福利服務轉向權利觀的差異政治，同時，由個人權益觀點轉而重視集體權利。全球原住民族權利返還運動中，關於集體權利的討論則聚焦在文化權和環境權之實踐細節。根植於土地的原住民族集體權利和社會工作交會時，遇到了個體化福利政策設計、個人式服務資源輸送，和受國家統治、主流價值形塑的社會意識霸權影響，規訓了福利服務設計的意識形態。基於這三個原住民族社會工作實踐現況，本文嘗試在原住民族權利取得、思考族群差異的多元文化社會發展兩立論基礎之上，細究著重社會情境差異的福利服務，應積極回應族群人觀中的文化邏輯和集體價值。透過確認部落職的角色和任務，建立一個強調個體福利與集體權利相互鏈結的社會工作取向，實踐一個能夠彰顯族群主權的照顧倫理。

The development of modern indigenous social work has shifted its approach to the politics of differences, emphasizing collective rights of the community rather than following the traditional compensational welfare model. Meanwhile, the concepts of collective culture right and environment right echo with the wave of global indigenous rights movements. With the rising awareness of and demand for collective rights, the practice of indigenous social work today has encountered three major challenges: the dated individualized welfare system; the individualized service delivery of resources; and the mentality of cultural hegemony when designing and delivering welfare services. This paper attempts to describe the current indigenous social work development in Taiwan to explicate the theoretical dilemmas as well as its practices. Based on the attainments of Indigenous Rights and the considerations of ethnic differences of a multicultural social structure, this study intends to explore the welfare services from different social situations. The study also aims to figure out a holistic care system covering indigenous everyday life and cultural practice habitus. We propose an approach to achieve such goals. It is vital to confirm the roles and missions of an indigenous community in practice. By doing so, we hope not only to address the indigenous sovereignty and cultures, but also to realize ethics of care in social work for indigenous communities.