食物沙漠回顧與臺灣個案初探：臺北市生鮮食物可及性的空間分析

A Review on Food Deserts and a Case Study in Taiwan: Spatial Analysis of Fresh Food Accessibility in Taipei City

「食物沙漠」一詞是指居民無法購買或負擔不起生鮮食物的地區，往往會對弱勢族群帶來生理與心理上的負面影響，是社會排斥的一種方式，引起包括歐美、日本等已開發國家重視，然而臺灣這方面的論文卻不多，因此本文提出食物沙漠問題的回顧，並以臺北市為例進行食物沙漠初探。本研究分別繪製生鮮食物可及性地圖，以及依照人口年齡結構加權而成的生鮮食物可及性指數（FFAI）地圖，發現臺北市生鮮食物可及性低落的地區出現在陽明山區、南港山區、文山山區、洲美地區、社子島、關渡平原、都市內部零星地區等，其中後三個地方特別需要政府關注，因為那裡相較於山區來說人口更多，且導致士林區與北投區有約一成的人口居住在FFAI＝0（即1,000公尺以內都沒有生鮮食物商店）的環境中；另一方面，獨居老人高度聚居在食物綠洲所在的萬華區，他們卻普遍具有營養條件不良的特質，這應可歸因於其他因素，亟需後續研究深入探討。

The term “food desert” refers to areas where residents cannot buy or afford fresh food. It often brings negative physical and psychological impacts on disadvantaged residents. It is a way of social exclusion, which has been widely examined in developed countries including cases in Europe, North America and Japan. However, there are not many papers discussing this problem in Taiwan. Therefore, we proposed a review of the food desert issue, and take Taipei City as research area to analyze the urban food system in Taiwan. We drew a map of fresh food accessibility and a map of a fresh food accessibility index (FFAI) which were weighted according to the age structure of the population. It is found that the areas with low food accessibility in Taipei appear to be in Yangming Mountain, Nangang Mountain, Wenshan Mountain, Zhoumei Area, Shezi Island, Guandu Plain, and sporadic areas within the city, etc. The latter three places especially require government attention, because the population size is larger than the mountainous areas, and about 10% of the population in Shilin and Beitou District live with a situation of FFAI = 0 (that is, there is no fresh food store within 1,000 meters). On the other hand, elderly living alone concentrate in Wanhua District, which is considered to be a “food oasis” area, but they generally have poor nutritional conditions. This is due to other factors, and further research is urgently needed.