氫氟酸中毒病患之護理

The Nursing Care for the Patient with Hydrofluoric

氫氟酸是目前工業界常見的強酸性溶劑，但是因為在強酸類中是屬於較低酸性及低解離度，故對身體立即性之損傷較少，延遲產生之損傷合併症較多，因此異常接觸後易使人輕忽其傷害之嚴重性。但由於氫離子及氟離子的持續存在，若接觸者未及時接受適當的處置及迅速熟練的醫護照護，除局部的皮膚灼傷所引發之皮膚壞死、疼痛之症狀外，也可能造成全身組織之傷害，如電解質不平衡(低血鈣、高血鉀)、心律不整、氣體交換障礙等，甚至影響生命之安全。因此本文將介紹氫氟酸中毒之治療目標及照護措施，包括先處理其灼傷之情形，及治療氟離子所造成的傷害，提供傷口照護、預防感染之發生、改善疼痛情形、矯正電解質與心律不整及維持良好之氣體交換等。期以本文與護理同仁分享氫氟酸之照顧原則，讓中毒病患能獲得即時適當之照護，而使損傷降至最低。

Because of the low pH and dissociality of hydrofluoric acid, people often ignore the severity of symptoms after contact it. However, the hydrogen ion and free fluoride ion exist persistently. If people who contact it did not receive early management or experienced intervention, it may cause locally painful necrosis of skin or systemic injury, ex. electrolyte imbalance (hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia)、cardiac arrhythmia 、gas-exchange disturbance and even life-threatening event. So the primary goal of treatment is to manage the burn injury, treat the injury caused by free fluoride ion, protect the wound、prevent infection、relieve painful sensation、correct electrolyte imbalance and arrhythmia and maintain adequate gas-exchange. In order to minimize the harm after contact it.