影響手術病患壓瘡相關因素之探討

Contributing Factors to Perioperative Pressure Ulcer in Surgical Patient

壓瘡是住院病患普遍的問題之一，不論就醫療品質或醫療、社會成本的考量，都是一個值得重視的議題。本研究目的在瞭解手術病患壓瘡之發生率以及發生手術後壓瘡之病患個人特質與手術特質等影響因素。研究設計採橫斷式調奎法，以方便取樣於北部某醫學中心手術室進行收案。研究工具包括自擬之個人特質、手術特質及壓瘡記錄表，自89年4月至10月止，共計收案983名。研究結果如下：手術病患手術後之壓瘡發生率為7%；個人特質中，病患年鹼、手術前的身體質量指數、tota1 protein level、albumin值及Braden量表得分等變項為影響因子；而手術時間、麻醉種類、手術後體溫及手術中低血壓等手術特質會影響手術後壓瘡之發生。研究結果有助於手術全期護理之實務，並提供進一步實證研究的方向與基礎。

The purposes of this cross-sectional study were designed to : (1) understand the incidence of perioperative pressure ulcer in the surgical patient ; (2) recognize the related factors influencing perioperative pressure ulcer. A total of 983 elective surgical patients from April to October 2000 completed the questionnaire. Data were collected by using structured questionnaires including characteristics of the surgical patients ' surgical procedures ' Braden Scale and pressure ulcer record sheet. The results were as follows : The incidence of the perioperative pressure ulcer in surgical patients was 7%. The significant factors associated with pressure ulcer development were age, preoperative BMI ' total protein level ' albumin level ' Braden Scale scores, operative time ' body temperature and intraoperative blood pressure. Results of this study may help perioperative nursing practice in developing nursing intervention to prevent pressure ulcer developihent as well as to promote optimal patient outcomes.