影響早產兒母親選擇哺餵方式相關因素之探討

Factors Influencing the Selection of Feeding Method by Mothers of Premature Infants

本研究在探討影響早產兒母親選擇哺餵方式的相關因素，採描述性研究，針對臺中縣市九所區域以上醫院生下早產兒之產婦，採立意取樣，收集樣本之基本資料、了解早產兒母親選擇哺餵方式與影響哺餵方式的相關因素，共219位產婦與262位早產兒。資料以描述性統計、交叉分析、卡方考驗、ANOVA檢定，進行統計分析，研究結果顯示：(1)早產兒出院時的哺餵方式，以母乳加配方乳混合哺餵為最多。(2)早產兒母親的教育程度、年齡、職業、家庭每月收入、喝酒習慣、有無育嬰假、上班地點有無時間可供擠奶等，均不會影響早產兒出院時的哺餵方式；但是早產兒母親的抽煙習慣、前一胎餵奶經驗、早產兒在母體的懷孕週數、出生時有無合併症及急救、餵母乳前是否喝過配方乳、開水或葡萄糖水等，則會影響出院時的哺餵方式。(3)抽煙的早產兒母親多數哺餵配方乳，多數此胎哺餵方式與前一胎哺餵方式相同，早產兒餵食方式的決定者，大多數是產婦自已。(4)早產兒出院時，其母親選擇哺餵配方乳的主要原因是需要哺餵嬰兒時乳汁尚未分泌，而且擔心奶水不夠。本研究的結果可作為日後協助母親哺餵早產兒產前衛生教育之參考。

This research investigated the factors which had impacts on feeding methods by premature baby's mothers. Information on 29 mothers and 262 premature babies from hospitals in Taichung County and City was collected by random selection. Items investigated included the source of feeding information, the mothers selections in feeding methods, and the difficulties in feeding premature babies. The research used descriptive statistics, cross analysis, qui-square test, and ANOVA test to analyze the data. The results were (1) In most cases the mode of feeding after hospitalization was formula milk plus mother's milk. (2) The following factors were found irrelevant: the mother's educational level, age, vacation, family income, drinking habit, whether there were nursery vacation/place or not, the way the baby was born, any special diseases in mother, mother taking medicine or not, the gravida, sex and weight of the baby, whether the baby's sex as expected, etc. The following factors were found relevant: smoking habit of the mother, the experience of feeding milk and the length long the baby had stayed in mother's womb. (3) Premature babies were mostly fed mixed milk by their smoking mothers, and were fed the same way as their elders. It was the mother who decided how to feed the baby. (4) Most feeding information was obtained from the hospital where the mother gave birth. (5) The main reason why mothers chose to feed mixed milk was that their own milk was not produced yet when the baby needed it. Also they worried about aninsulficiency of milk. The results of this research can serve as a reference for mothers to feed premature babies and a good teaching material for preterm health education as well.