國民小學教師知覺校長道德領導與教師組織公民行為之相關研究

The Study of the Relationships between Principals' Moral Leadership and Teachers' Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Elementary Schools

本研究旨在瞭解國民小學校長道德領導與教師組織公民行為之關係，為達研究目的，本研究採取文獻分析及問卷調查法進行研究，以彰化縣公立國民小學教師為研究對象，取樣706位教師，有效問卷630份，可使用率89.2%。 資料處理方面，將蒐集之問卷資料分別以描述性統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、Pearson積差相關及逐步多元迴歸等統計方法進行分析處理，並獲致下列研究結論： 一、國民小學校長道德領導行為整體表現良好，各層面中以「踐行關懷倫理」層面知覺較佳，「慎行道德選擇」層面知覺相對較低。 二、國民小學教師組織公民行為整體表現良好，各層面中以「尊重體制」層面表現較佳，「自我要求」層面表現相對較低。 三、不同背景變項之國民小學教師在國民小學校長整體道德領導行為與各層面之知覺上多數有差異存在。 四、不同背景變項之國民小學教師在整體教師組織公民行為與各層面之表現多數有差異存在。 五、國民小學校長道德領導行為表現愈佳，教師組織公民行為愈佳，其中「發揮替代領導功能」與「自我要求」之相關最高。 六、國民小學校長道德領導可激發教師展現組織公民行為，其中以「發揮替代領導功能」對教師組織公民行為整體及大多數層面最具預測力。 最後根據研究發現提出建議，以供國民小學教師、校長、行政機關與未來研究者作為參考。

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between principals' moral leadership and teachers' organizational citizenship behavior in elementary schools. The researcher adopted documentary research and questionnaire survey. The questionnaires were distributed to 706 teachers in public elementary schools in Chang-hua County. There were 630 valid questionnaires, and the percentage of usable questionnaires is 89.2%. The researcher analyzed the data collected from the questionnaires with descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation and stepwise multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Principals' moral leadership showed medium-high degree. Among all aspects, the degree of "caring ethics" was the highest, and the degree of "moral choice" was the lowest. 2. Teachers' organizational citizenship behavior showed medium-high degree. Among all aspects, the degree of "obedience" was the highest, and the degree of "conscientiousness" was the lowest. 3. There were significant differences in principals' moral leadership in terms of teachers' demographic variables and school background variables. 4. There were significant differences in teachers' organizational citizenship behavior in terms of teachers' demographic variables and school background variables. 5. The higher the degree of principals' moral leadership was, the higher the degree of teachers' organizational citizenship behavior was. There was a significant positive correlation between "substitutes for leadership" and "conscientiousness". 6. Principals' moral leadership influenced teachers' organizational citizenship behavior. "Substitutes for leadership" influenced teachers' organizational citizenship behavior most. According to the findings, some suggestions and recommendations for teachers, principals, administration agency, and further researchers were made.