從地勤人員認知角度探討機坪作業之威脅與疏失

Threats and Errors in Ramp Operations from the Perspective of Ground Staff

機坪為航空器飛行前準備與飛行後整備之地點，更是安全飛航之起始點，所以完整之飛行安全預防不僅針對航空器於飛行中，其在地面之相關活動也需相當重視；同樣地，完善的風險管理系統與安全訓練計畫，若缺乏機坪作業之安全，相關系統與計畫將無法發揮應有之功效。本研究旨在探討機坪作業威脅與疏失之因子，採用威脅與疏失管理理論（TEM），參照線上操作安全稽核（LOSA）與一般作業安全調查（NOSS）系統之精神基礎，定義機坪作業威脅與疏失之因子。接著，從地勤作業人員認知的角度，應用分析層級程序法（AHP）評量各因子之權重。研究結果顯示，天候威脅與作業人員溝通疏失分別是機坪作業中最具威脅性與最具嚴重性的因子，此點值得作為預防機坪意外事故之參考。

A ramp is the place where aircrafts are prepared and arranged for flights, and where safe flights are starting at. For this reason, comprehensive safety precautions aim at the aircraft not only in flight but also off flight. Similarly, without considering operation safety on ramp, complete risk management systems and safety training plans would not be able to function effectively. This study adopts the theory of Threat and Error Management (TEM), and refers to the frameworks of Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA) and Normal Operations Safety Survey (NOSS) to discuss the threats and errors in ramp operations. Furthermore, the interacted weights between threats and between errors are assessed respectively by the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) through ground staffs' perspectives. The results show that weather threat and crew communication error are the most threatening and serious factors in ramp operations, respectively. All the findings in this study help in further understanding the features of threats and errors in airport ramp operation, and prevent chances of accidents.