道路交通秩序法規效力範圍之研究

The Scope of Validity of Road Traffic Laws in Taiwan

法規的效力範圍，是任何使用該法規者所必須具備的基本認識。但我國道路交通秩序法規因立法的疏漏，加諸此一方面之研究闕如，導致職司道路交通秩序法規的行政機關與執法人員，常就個別條文與個人直觀感受作成判斷及解釋，錯用法規，反使得法律適用時機的標準混淆。本研究自人、事、時、地、物等方面探討道路交通秩序法規的效力，建立其適用範圍，除供學術上相關研究討論的基礎，同時更作為執法機關未來實務運用上的準據。研究結果發現，我國道路交通秩序法規係採「屬地為主，屬人為輔」原則，少數規定具有限時法的特性，卻欠缺限時法的效力規定，恐造成法令失效後的適用爭議，同時亦有不少逾越立法目的之規定，對於運具分類也顯混淆。本研究均將在討論後提出建議，除供未來學術之繼續討論外，亦供立法政策與實務作業之參考。

The scope of validity of a regulation is the fundamental knowledge for any person who uses the regulation. However, owing to the carelessness in legislation and lacking of study on the legal principle, the validity of road traffic laws in Taiwan is indeterminate. Moreover, administrative officers make wrong explanations on clauses and inappropriately apply the rules making it more confusing. This study defines the scope of validity of road traffic regulations from the aspects of who, what, when, where and whom. It is not only useful for academic research on road traffic laws but also useful as the guideline of application in practice for law enforcement agencies. From the analysis of this study, the road traffic laws should be categorized as "territorial in principle, personal in complement". Few stipulations of them with the characters of statute limitation are only available in specific time period, but there is no stipulation of prescription for them. It will result in problems in the process of punishment after they run out. In the mean time, there are some stipulations going beyond the purpose of legislation, and the definitions of transport mode categories are also not well defined. This study identifies and explores these problems and gives normative suggestions to legislation and enforcement.