影響小客車駕駛人駕駛技能與行為之因素研究

A Study on the Factors Influencing Driving Skills and Behaviors

本研究旨在探討影響小客車駕駛人駕駛技能與正向駕駛行為之因素，首先透過駕駛技能調查表（Driver Skill Inventory,DSI）量測駕駛人之技能，並進一步將其分成「初階駕駛技能」、「進階駕駛技能」與「安全駕駛技能」三個構面；繼而利用駕駛人之行為問卷（Driver Behaviour Questionnaire,DBQ）量測駕駛人之正向駕駛行為，並將其分為「幫助車流順暢」、「尊重其他用路人」與「不妨礙其他用路人」三個構面。實證資料經Rasch分析後顯示，駕駛技能主要受「取得駕照後於道路上之駕駛經驗」所影響，與人格特質之關係並不顯著；正向駕駛行為中「尊重其他用路人」與「友善性」具高度正相關；「安全駕駛技能」會影響事故之發生，而「初、進階駕駛技能」、「安全駕駛技能」及「幫助車流順暢」則會影響違規之發生。

The study was conducted to explore the factors influencing drivers' driving skills and positive driving behaviors. Factors were categorized into three phases according to the process of obtaining drivers' licenses: before training for road driving, while training, and after obtaining the license. Driving skills were measured by Driver Skill Inventory (DSI). With factor analysis, driving skills included three aspects: basic driving skills, advanced driving skills and safety driving skills. Positive driver behaviors were measured by Diver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ). With factor analysis, positive driver behaviors included three aspects: helping smooth traffic flow, being polite to other road users, and paying attention to other road users. Rasch measurement was used to analyze drivers' driving skills and positive driver behaviors. Analysis results show that each aspect is influenced by different factors. Among them, drivers'; driving skills are mostly influenced by road driving experience after obtaining the license. No significant relationships between drivers' personality and driving skills were found. However, "being polite to other road users" and "agreeableness" have significant positive relationships with positive driving behaviors. The analyses of accident involvements and traffic violations show that "safety driving skills" will influence the occurrence of accidents, while "basic and advanced driving skills", "safety driving skills" and "helping smooth traffic flow" will influence the occurrence of traffic violations.