快遞與隔日配貨物之車輛路線規劃與應用分析

Vehicle Routing and Application Analysis for Delivering Express and Overnight Freight

近年來，隨網路購物與電視購物之發展與競爭，促使網購或電購貨物之前置時間愈來愈短，而貨運業者所配送貨物之時限亦各有不同，本研究將探討貨運業者面臨同時服務快遞貨物與隔日配貨物之車輛路線問題（VRPEO）。此問題屬單一車輛路線問題（SVRP）之變化，其與單一車輛路線問題較不同之問題特性包括因節點具時間限制，使車輛路線無法服務所有需服務的節點、除部分節點具動態性外，車輛回場站之時間亦具動態性等。本研究除明確定義問題、構建相關數學模式，以及研提啟發法進行求解外，亦進一步分析貨物運送時間限制之寬鬆程度與路線成本之關係，期能提供相關業者之參考與後續研究之依循。

In recent years, the lead time of freight is becoming shorter and shorter because of the sharp competition among e-shopping centers and TV shopping stores. This situation leads to the requirement of delivering express freight for overnight freight carriers and delivering overnight freight during workdays for express freight carriers. In this article, the vehicles need to deliver express freight and overnight freight in the same time, so we called the problem the vehicle routing problem for delivering express and overnight freight (VRPEO). The VRPEO is a variant of single vehicle routing problem (SVRP). The VRPEO is different from the general SVRP. For example, some nodes are selected to be served by a vehicle; there is time constraint in the depot; and this problem belongs to a dynamic vehicle routing problem. In addition to clearly defining the routing problem, we constructed a model and developed heuristic algorithms to solve the VRPEO. Furthermore, we also studied the correlation between the time constraint and the route cost for providing some suggestions to freight carriers.