計程車動態配對共乘服務之需求與效益評估：以臺北市內湖科技園區為例

Assessment of the Demand and Effectiveness of Dynamic Taxi-sharing Services: A Case Study of Neihu Science andTechnology Park in Taipei

由歐美日等先進國家實施的經驗得知，車輛共乘確實可有效改善都會區尖峰通勤旅次所造成的交通壅塞，亦符合節能之永續運輸政策目標。雖然國內曾經實施車輛共乘之相關研究計畫，但由於缺乏共乘誘因與配套方案，導致共乘的風氣仍未普及。然而，國內現存一種計程車共乘形式，使用者多為大眾運輸乘客，其主要營運方式係在長途客運、公車停靠站、鐵路或捷運站附近，招攬目的地相近的乘客進行共乘。為提升計程車共乘之服務品質並擴大服務對象，本研究係應用智慧型運輸系統之商用車作業系統平台等相關技術，以啟發式配對演算法，提供即時的計程車動態配對共乘服務，進而選擇臺北市內湖科技園區，執行為期17天的實驗計畫，並經由問卷訪談進行共乘行為之實證分析。本研究係採用多變量分析方法，了解使用者對於共乘的滿意度以及影響其決策之內外在顯著因子，然後應用羅吉特模式分析需求及預測運具轉移比例，以評估未來大規模推廣計程車共乘時之實施績效。研究結果發現，在內湖科技園使用計程車動態配對方式之共乘者，仍以大眾運輸乘客居多，即使計程車提供動態配對共乘服務，若缺乏相關配套措施，目前該區仍無法成為使用汽機車通勤者之主要替代運具。

The practices of ridesharing in USA, EU and Japan have proven to be very effective in reducing high commuting cost and large fuel consumption during peak hours of commuting trips in a metropolis. However, ridesharing has never been successful in Taiwan's major metropolises because there is little promotion and almost no incentive for commuters to share rides. On the other hand, taxi-sharing, as an alternative of ridesharing, has been attractive to commuters, especially for the users of public transit systems. At major bus transfer stations or rail and MRT stations, taxi drivers often pick up passengers who are willing to share their taxi fares for nearby destinations. To extend the taxi-sharing experiences and to improve the efficiency of taxi dispatching, we implement a heuristic matching algorithm under the platform of commercial vehicle operations to match travelers who have made advance reservations departing from or arriving at different locations dynamically. Using the questionnaire survey data collected from their 17-day taxi-sharing experiences, we analyze the data by using multivariate analysis methods to understand users' degree of satisfaction regarding taxi-sharing and to explore the internal and external factors affecting the practices. Next, we apply a Logit model to predict taxi-sharing trips transferred from various modes and to evaluate the effectiveness of the practices. In the case study, we find that most of the taxi-sharing trips are transferred from public transit systems. In addition, taxi-sharing is not as attractive as auto or motorcycle for the majority of commuters in Taipei at present unless incentive measures are provided.