應用區塊等候於機場航機起飛延滯管理之研究

Applying Block Queue on Airport Departure Flight Delay Management

本研究以擁擠機場航機接續起飛之概念，推導航機由機門滑行至跑道旁停等區之時間，以計算航機於滑行及跑道旁停等所耗之燃油成本；爾後，探討區塊等候下起飛航機停等情形，以構建各種情境下之區塊等候指派模式，並決定航機應停等於停機坪或跑道旁停等區，進而根據航機延滯對旅客、航空公司與機場管理單位所造成之影響，構建延滯成本模式。為驗證模式可行性，本研究進一步蒐集臺灣桃園國際機場起降航機班表及起飛航機延滯等相關資料以進行範例分析，研究結果顯示，於區塊等候指派策略下，航機燃油成本明顯低於連續指派之結果；且區塊等候指派能降低機場因跑道空滯所衍生之航管單位營運成本及旅客延滯成本，同時達到降低航機燃油損耗之效益。

The study derives the time of each departure flight from apron to holding pad, in which flights are consecutively assigned in a congested airport, and calculates the fuel cost of each flight due to taxiing and waiting for departure. The study then explores the block-queuing conditions of departure flights to construct a block-queuing assignment model with various situations and decide whether a departure flight should wait at terminal apron or holding pad. Furthermore, the study formulates delay cost functions with respect to passengers, airlines, and airport operators. Finally, the study collects data on the schedule of departure/arrival flights and the delay of departure flights in the Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to demonstrate the application of the model. The results show that the block-queuing assignment method reduces fuel cost significantly more than the consecutive assignment method. It may increase the fuel-saving efficiency, while reducing airport operators' cost due to an idle runway and passengers' cost caused by delay in the airport.