兩岸三地主要樞紐港口相對競爭力之分析

Analysis of Relative Competitiveness among Major Hub-ports across Taiwan Strait

本文旨在就貨櫃航商觀點，分析評估兩岸三地四大樞紐港口的競爭優勢與整體競爭力。研究方法首先綜合相關文獻歸納出影響越洋貨櫃航商選擇樞紐港口的三大類因素，包括港口內部條件、外部環境與航商之營運策略配合因素，據以進行問卷設計與調查。再以灰關聯分析法（GRA）評估各大港口的各項競爭優勢，並分別採用階層分析法（AHP）及熵值法求取各類因素的權重值，進行港口整體競爭力的評比。研究結果發現：樞紐港口內部條件以鹽田港具有最佳優勢，外部環境與航商營運策略的配合因素，則以上海港最佳。兩種整體競爭力的評比結果，亦均以上海港最佳。最後，並依據研究結果，研提有助於提升高雄港整體競爭力的建議，以供參考。

The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the competitive advantages and port competitiveness among hub-ports across Taiwan Strait from the viewpoints of container carriers. The study began with an extensive literature review summarizing three categories of major influential factors for hub-port selections by carriers, and a questionnaire survey was accordingly designed and conducted. Subsequently, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was used to evaluate the relative port competitive advantages based on those factors. Moreover, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Entropy methods were used to obtain the weights of the three major categories of factors, for evaluating and comparing the competitiveness among those hub-ports. Results indicate that in terms of internal factors, Yantian possesses the best competitive advantage, whereas Shanghai possesses best competitive advantages on both external factors and operational strategy of container carriers and it is also ranked as the port with the highest competitiveness. Finally, suggestions to enhance the port competitiveness of Kaohsiung were proposed and discussed.