捷運電聯車系統關鍵維護項目及其維護優先性之研究

Investigating Maintenance Significant Items and Priority for the Electric Multiple Unit System of TRTC

維護是影響軌道系統安全的主要因素，好的維護管理不但可以增進營運生產力，更可讓維護資源有效運用，減少軌道營運者之成本。目前國內軌道系統維護之作法仍採取傳統的預防性維修，該作法在維護資源的運用上缺乏效率。對於未來國內軌道事業邁入民營化之後，額外的維護成本將會導致缺乏競爭力，不利於軌道事業的經營。因此，本研究引進可靠度中心式維護（RCM）觀念於軌道系統維護管理中。RCM起源於航空業，是兼顧成本與安全考量的維修方式。本研究運用故障樹分析（FTA）和失效模式、影響與嚴重度分析（FMECA）分析找出臺北捷運電聯車系統的維修關鍵項目（MSI），並依據嚴重度矩陣（亦稱風險矩陣）決定維修工作的執行優先順序，以作為我國未來研擬軌道系統維護策略之參考。研究結果顯示，捷運電聯車系統應優先處理的關鍵維護項目共有五項：煞車夾持器、煞車制動器、空壓機、主懸吊彈簧、固定座。未來可針對此五項目優先進行維護策略之研擬。

Maintenance determines not only the safety performance but also the operation cost for rail transportation. Traditionally, facility maintenance has been considered for preventive purpose by the railway industry in Taiwan. Preventive maintenance is thought to be an ineffective strategy in the viewpoint of resource management. This research tries to study the potential of applying the concept of Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) to maintaining the facilities of a railway system. For empirical study purpose, the fault tree analysis (FTA) and the failure modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) are conducted to find out the maintenance significant item (MSI) for the Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) system of the Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation (TRTC). It is expected to help in determining the maintenance priority among items through the criticality matrix. The results of this study will provide valuable reference for the maintenance management of railway systems in Taiwan. The study shows that there are five MSIs with higher priority in the EMU system: brake caliper, brake activator, air supply equipment, conical rubber axle spring, and anchorage. This will help in developing the maintenance strategy of railway systems in the future.