高速公路高乘載專用車道接受度之分析

Acceptance Analysis of High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes on Sun Yat-Sen Freeway

國外高速公路高乘載專用車道之相關研究已有一段時間，然而，由於高速公路高乘載專用車道在國內並未設置實施過，因此國內相關之研究均僅較偏向於工程經濟及設置條件之研究，對於高速公路高乘載專用車道與使用者間之關係，亦即，高速公路使用者對高乘載專用車道接受度之研究相當有限。有鑒於此，本研究乃應用排序普羅比模式（ordered probit model）來探討高速公路用路人對於設置高乘載專用車道的接受程度。本研究首先定義一基礎方案並探討三種誘因方案對高乘載專用車道接受度之影響，這些誘因方案包括：（1）配合減稅方案實施；（2）配合其他優惠方案實施；（3）於既有高速公路車道設置高乘載專用車道。由於本研究於接受度之資料中係採用排序性尺度之問項，因此首先採用單變量排序普羅比模式，探討影響高速公路用路人對基礎方案及三種誘因方案接受度之相關變數；另外，由於三種誘因之間存在有相關性，因此將進一步採用能捕捉方案間相關性之雙變量排序普羅比模式。最後，本研究利用上述建立之模式進一步探討高速公路在不同流量水準下，高乘載專用車道上不同乘載人數下車輛之收費標準。

Most of the previous studies on HOV lanes along the Sun Yat-Sen Freeway focused on the issues of engineering economics and configuration requirements. Few studies were related to the interactions between users and HOV lane usage, i.e., the users' acceptance on HOV lanes along the freeway. Since the acceptance questions are designed in ordinal scales, ordered probit models are applied in this study to investigate users' propensity to accept HOV lanes along the freeway. Therefore, a basic alternative, whether to approve having HOV lanes along the Sun Yat-Sen Freeway, is defined first. Meanwhile, three incentive alternatives are introduced to further examine their effects on the users' propensity to accept HOV lanes. They are: (1) the toll revenues from HOV lanes are fed back to the users, (2) other incentive strategies, and (3) the toll revenues from HOV lanes are used to maintain or construct HOV lanes. Single variate ordered probit models are applied first to analyze the significant factors that influence the acceptance models. Due to the correlations between the three incentive alternatives, bivariate ordered probit models are then applied to capture their interrelationship in this study. Furthermore, the pricing strategy for different number of passengers in a car is further developed by minimizing the objective function of total travelers' travel time. The results obtained from this study can provide valuable insights into the planning and assessment of HOV lanes and are expected to alleviate the traffic congestion effectively.