動態資訊提供對大眾運輸使用者時間分配之影響

The Effects of Dynamic Information Services on Transit Passengers' Time Allocation

動態資訊系統提供即時且有效的交通與周遭活動的資訊，可提升旅運者對周遭活動之瞭解，以及大眾運輸所提供之服務。本研究探討旅運者以追求效用最大為目標，在有限的金錢與時間預算下，如何善用時間為自己的旅程做一整體的規劃；本研究利用彈性化之Translog函數，構建旅運者在不同情境限制下對於運具選擇與時間運用之間接效用函數，並以旅運者等車時間、活動時間與旅行時間之交互影響關係為基礎，進而藉由Roy's恆等式之轉換，推導旅運者在動態資訊下可用於參與衍生額外活動的時間比值；本研究將此比值定義為動態資訊提供下旅運者衍生參與額外活動的時間占旅運者從抵達場站至搭乘運具離開場站前可以使用的時間之比值。本研究並進行一數值範例分析以闡述本研究模式之可行性，分析結果可得知動態資訊提供時，旅運者旅運與活動決策與參與額外衍生活動所需時間的關係，以作為衡量旅運者在不同情境下旅運決策行為之依據。本研究之結果可作為探討動態資訊提供下旅運者改變旅運與活動決策及參與額外活動需求之時間分配之參考依據。

Dynamic information system that provides travelers with timely and useful information on transportation services and surrounding socio-economic activities may increase traveler's awareness of available activity and transit service. This study analyzes travelers' decisions on how to allocate time in the trip-planning process based on traveler utility-maximization in microeconomic theory subject to both time and cost constraints. The study uses a flexible translog formulation of indirect utility, which is commonly used in literature and has estimation and functional flexibility. The travelers' indirect utility function formulated in the study decides the optimal travel and activity decisions under different scenarios. Based on the formulated indirect utility specification, the study further applies Roy's identity to produce a system of demand function, which examines the relationships between travelers' travel and activity decision and the demand for participating in surrounding activity induced by dynamic information. The induced activity time ratio is defined as the ratio between travelers' induced activity participating time and available time between arrival and departure time of the terminal. The study introduces the concept of induced activity time ratio to investigate the relationship between induced demand for participating in terminal surrounding activities and transit waiting time. Finally, the study uses a numerical example to demonstrate the application and feasibility of the developed model. The model results show that there exist significant relationships among the induced activity time ratio, cost and time constraints, and travel behaviors. The results also show how travelers decide to use transit waiting time for additional activity participation induced by dynamic information provision under different situations. The study provides a basis for understanding travelers’ travel and activity decisions and time allocation to additional induced activity due to dynamic information provision.