我國運輸部門能源消費量分解分析

Decomposition Analysis of Transportation Energy Consumption in Taiwan

最近幾年來，全球暖化與能源短缺已經在國際議題上變成非常重要的課題。有趣的是這兩項課題具有高度的相關性，因為能源消耗通常會產生二氧化碳，而二氧化碳則是引起氣候變遷的主因。根據國際能源委員會的統計資料，運輸部門為各國二氧化碳排放之主要來源之一。此外，依本研究分析結果，台灣運輸部門歷年來的能源消費量占我國各部門第二位。本研究的目的在於蒐集整理運輸部門的運輸活動量與能源消費量，並就各運輸系統的延人公里數及延噸公里數進行推估。此外，本研究利用迪氏對數平均指數分解法分析運輸部門客貨運之活動需求強度、各運輸系統之市場占有率及能源密集度等影響因素對運輸部門能源消費量變動的影響效果。根據研究結果，無論是客運或貨運，活動強度與能源密集度為運輸能源消費量主要之影響因素，該兩項因素之影響效果則均主要來自公路系統。

In recent years, global warming and energy shortage have become very important issues in the international agenda. Interestingly, these two issues are highly related, because energy consumption usually produces carbon dioxide (CO2) which is the major cause of climate change. According to the statistical report of International Energy Association, the transportation sector is one of the major sources of CO2 emission. Furthermore, the transportation sector is the second largest energy consuming sector in Taiwan according to analyzing results of this study. The objectives of this study are to investigate vehicular activity and energy consumption of passenger and freight transportation, and passenger-kilometers traveled and tonnage-kilometers traveled were estimated for various transportation systems. Log Mean Divisia Index Method was adopted to analyze the effects of activity level, market share and energy intensity of various transportation systems on energy consumption of passenger and freight transportation. It was concluded that activity level and energy intensity have significant impacts on energy consumption than market share. The highway system plays a crucial role in energy consumption of passenger and freight transportation sector.