國輪航商選擇僱用本國籍船員及外國籍船員分析

Analyzing National Shipowners' and Ship Operators' Choices on Domestic and Foreign Seafarer

本研究從國輪航商的觀點來探討其選擇僱用本國籍或外圓籍船員的決策行為，並建立選擇模式以分析航商選擇船員之重要決策因素。綜合相關文獻之說明及訪談結果，本研究歸納航商僱用船員的重要決策因素包括:成本因素、過任能力因素(知識與技術能力、溝通能力、態度與身心體能)及品質系統因素。在實證部分，本研究以羅吉特模式分析國輪航商選擇船員的行為，探討影響「國際航線」國輪航商在選擇僱用本國籍或外國籍甲、乙級船員偏好的重要因素。研究結果顯示船員薪津水準為國輪航商選擇僱用甲、乙級船員的決策影響因素，且國輪航商在選擇僱用本國籍或外國籍甲、乙級船員峙，其重視的決策因素並不完全相同。此外經營國際「定期航線船身自」的國輪航商，在選擇僱用外國籍的甲級船員及本國籍的乙級船員上，會有明顯的偏好。

This paper investigates the employment decision of choosing domestic or foreign seafarers in the viewpoints of national shipowners and ship operator. A binary logit model is applied to analyze the important factors that injluence the hiring decisions First, three groups of important factors have been identified to have a bearing on the national shipowners ' and ship operators ' hiring preferences: cost and labor conditions, the ability of competence (including knowledge and skill ability communication ability, attitude, physical and psychological health conditions), as well as quality system complying with STCW Convention. Then, an empirical analysis based on a binary logit model concerning the nαtional shipowners' and ship operators' choice on seafarers is conducted to demonstrate the conceptual framework developed in this paper. The results show that the hiring decision is affected by the payment and/or cost of seafarers. In addition, shipping owners and operators applied different employment factors when they employed officers and ratings. There are also differences between the preferences of liner or tramp ship owners and operators hiring seafarers.