中國大陸生態環境損害賠償主體問題研究

Research on the subject of compensation for ecological environment damage in China

當今世界，每個國家都關注生態環境損害嚴重情況，開始建立生態環境損害賠償制度，這是應對目前嚴重的生態環境破壞問題所提出的一種救濟措施，其核心意義在於生態環境損害的修復，而賠償只是一種方式，實質上就是將修復環境所產生費用形成量化標準。至於賠償權利主體，根據中國大陸目前的相關規定，由省級和地市級政府為賠償權利主體，先與賠償義務人進行磋商，以此來確定賠償金額，若磋商未能達成一致，再提起生態環境損害賠償訴訟。本文針對當前將以政府作為賠償權利主體進行研究，發現當前中國大陸生態損害賠償面臨諸多困境。因此，在參考國外的國外生態環境損害賠償權利主體制度，提出政府作為第一重賠償權利主體，檢察機關作為第二重賠償權利主體，環保組織與作為第三重賠償權利主體，公民個人作為第四重賠償權利主體，建構四重生態環境損害賠償權利主體體系，以達到完善生態環境賠償制度的最終目的。

Nowadays, every country pays attention to the serious situation of ecological environment damage and starts to establish the compensation system of ecological environment damage, which is a relief measure proposed to deal with the current serious ecological environment damage. Its core significance is in the repair of ecological environment damage, while compensation is only a way, in essence, it is to form a quantitative standard for the costs incurred in the repair of the environment. As for the subject of compensation right, according to the current relevant provisions in mainland China, the provincial and municipal governments are the subject of compensation right, and the compensation obligors are consulted first to determine the compensation amount. If the consultation fails to reach an agreement, then the ecological environment damage compensation lawsuit is initiated. This paper studies the government as the main body of compensation right, and finds that the compensation for ecological damage in mainland China is facing many difficulties. Therefore, in reference to the foreign system of the main body of the right of compensation for ecological environment damage, the author puts forward that the government is the main body of the first compensation right, the procuratorial organ is the main body of the second compensation right, the environmental protection organization is the main body of the third compensation right, and the individual citizen is the main body of the fourth compensation right, so as to construct the system of the main body of the four compensation rights for ecological environment damage, so as to achieve the perfection of life The ultimate purpose of environmental compensation system.