異質環境下城際國道客運服務策略之最佳化分析

Analytic Optimization of Intercity Bus Service Strategies in Heterogeneous Environments

本文針對異質環境下的城際國道客運市場，考慮旅次分佈及需求強度在空間與時間上的異質特性，發展一多時段異質型的分析模式。接著提出一啟發式尋優步驟，使最適營運方案成為各類型路線的多元組合，不再受限於傳統最佳化結果的單調性。最後，本文以一個簡例進行測試，證實在時、空條件均不相同的國道客運市場中，採取「因時而異、因地制宜」的營運策略，可使系統總成本降至最低。因此，不但需求水準互異的起迄旅次點間應採取不同的路線、車型及班距，即使同一組起迄旅次，也可以實施因時段而異的營運方式。

This paper develops a multiple period heterogeneous optimization modelfor intercity bus systems. Spatial and temporal variations of intercity tripdemand levels are considered. A heuristic algorithm is developed to seek for thenear-optimal hybrid operational strategy, which is composed of a variety of busroute types. To demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposedmodel, an imitative case study is performed. It is found that total social costcan be minimized by a spatially and temporally dependent hybrid strategy, whichhas the advantages of cost savings in comparison with the optimal operationalstrategy in homogeneous environments. For instance, a good hybrid strategy mayserve a specific intercity O-D pair by line hual plus feeder routes duringweekdays, whereas by direct routes during weekends.