建構．敷演．拓變──唐宋「詩史」說演進的再審視

Construction, Elaboration, and Transformation-Re-examining the Evolution of the “Poetry as History＂ Theory in Tang and Song Dynasties

本文利用劉若愚在艾布拉姆斯的基礎上優化設計的所謂適於中國文論的闡釋模型，以重新審視唐宋「詩史」說之建構、敷演和拓變的具體情形。在《本事詩》關於「詩史」說的精要論述中，已涵括了關涉文藝作品之各種情形的宇宙、作家、作品和讀者全部四個要素，其中宇宙與作家之關係是其關懷的最主要面向，由此奠定了「事」在「詩史」說中的核心地位；《本事詩》在作家與作品關係方面的論述，則開出了對「敘」的面向的關注；至於作品與讀者之關係的討論，又提示吾人「詩史」說實為一種出於讀者的期待而建構起來的觀念。《本事詩》完成了「詩史」說的基型建構，隨後經由宋人的深度敷演和有力拓變，「詩史」說獲得了躋身中國古代文論之基本議題的可能。

This paper employs James J.Y. Liu's Chinese literature interpretative model, modified from M. H. Abrams's literary theory to be better suited for interpreting Chinese literary theory, to re-examining the specific circumstances of the construction, elaboration and transformation of the “Poetry as History” theory in Tang and Song Dynasties. Analysis shows that all four elements of universe, writer, work, and reader concerning various situations of literary and artistic works have been covered in the concise illustration of “Poetry as History” in Ben Shi Shi (Anecdotal Poems). Ben Shi Shi clearly refers to the first three of these four stages of artistic development. The first stage, which deals with the relationship between the world and the writer, is regarded as the most important one. Hence, the importance of “the affairs of the world” of the “Poetry as History” theory is well accepted by later generations. The second stage, which focuses on the relationship between the writer and the work, evolves into an emphasis on “narration”. And the third stage, the relationship between the work and the reader, suggests that the “Poetry as History” theory is actually intended to meet the expectations of the reader. Ben Shi Shi contributes to the basic construction of the “Poetry as History” theory. The subsequent profound elaboration and transformation by scholars in Song Dynasty are key for the “Poetry as History” theory to become a basic topic of Chinese classical literary theory.