從賽會管理觀點分析2020東京奧林匹克運動會之光與影

Analysis of the Light and Shadow of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games: From Sport-event Management Perspectives

本研究旨在敘述第三十二屆東京夏季奧運會之申辦意涵，大會準備至延期之歷程，並以賽會管理觀點分析之利（光）與弊（影）。研究方法為搜集相關新聞、奧運官網、新聞、報告書、學術期刊以及論文等相關文獻資料進行分析。研究結果發現，申辦 2020 奧運將帶來「傳承 1964 年東京奧運的記憶連結」、「運用運動來復興震災」、「日本文化活動之結合與推廣」、「提升國民認同」、「促進經濟發展」等益處。然而卻也同時帶來「申辦賄選與會徽抄襲」、「主場館超出預算」、「核災問題」、「COVID-19 延期後經濟衝擊」等負面爭議，使得國民對於奧運舉辦的支持度下降。因此，賽會舉辦除了能帶來益處，亦可能有負面爭議。因COVID-19 而導致史上第一次延期的奧運，同時也考驗著主辦國的智慧。

This Study aims to describe the meaning of the bid for the 32nd Tokyo Summer Olympics and the process from preparation to postponement, to analyze the advantages (light) and disadvantages (shadow) from the theoretical viewpoints of the games, and to explore the context of the process. The research method is to collect related literature materials from news, academic journals, official websites and reports. The research community found positive benefits such as the revitalization of the Northeast region of Japan that was severely damaged by the 311 earthquake, the organization of activities linked to the people, the recycling and reuse of resources for sustainable development, the creation of award-winning medals for athletes, and the good use of retired domestic sports talents. Players create job opportunities and recruit groups of different backgrounds to join the Olympic team, creating a brighter side of a more harmonious society. Negative benefits such as the doubts about the successful bid for the Tokyo Olympics, the plagiarism of the Olympic emblem, the repeated design of the main stadium, the nuclear waste and environmental safety concerns of the Tokyo Electric Power Company, and the COVID-19 and the dark side of the Olympic game postponement. Therefore, to hold games may have both benefits and disadvantages. As the first city to hold postponed Olympic games, the Tokyo Olympic Committee also has big challenges caused by COVID-19.