安置兒少之社會控制（鍵）與自我控制及偏差行為之相關研究

Research on Children and Youths Placement, Social Control, Self-Control and Deviation Behavior

家庭是最適合兒童成長的地方，在家庭無法發揮照顧功能時，經常被考慮的方式之一就是安置照顧服務，台灣兒少安置政策中的最後一道防線，就是將需要協助的兒少安置於政府或民間的兒少安置機構之中。本研究以Hirschi社會鍵理論（Hirschi，1969）及一般化犯罪理論（Gottfredson & Hirschi，1990）為理論架構基礎，以問卷調查作為研究工具，於2019年5月對屏東縣兒少安置機構中受安置兒少進行調查，有效問卷共計78份，探討安置機構兒少之社會鍵與自我控制及偏差行為之間的關係。研究發現安置兒少性別對於四個社會鍵中，在「信念鍵」上有顯著的差異，兒少受安置時間長短，對於社會鍵在「同儕依附」、「參與鍵」有顯著的差異，不同安置原因之社會鍵在「同儕依附」、「參與鍵」、「信念鍵」上有顯著的差異。社會鍵中的信念鍵對於自我控制有顯著的影響，且預測自我控制能力最高。社會控制對於偏差行為有顯著的影響，社會控制愈高則出現偏差行為次數愈低。自我控制對於偏差行為有顯著的影響，二者呈現負相關，自我控制能力愈低偏差行為出現機會愈高。社會控制若透過自我控制對於偏差行為的間接效果為-.224，對於偏差行為仍是有顯著的影響。研究結論：社會控制、自我控制均對於偏差行為有預測能力。社會控制透過自我控制，可以增加對於偏差行為的預測力。自我控制對於社會控制與偏差行為有部分中介的效果。

Family provides the best environmental element for a child during the process of growth. When the caretaking function fails in a family, one of the most often-considered alternation is the Children and Youths Placement Institutes. The final line of defense in the Taiwanese children and youths placement policy, is to place the children in need of assistance in the children and youths placement institutes, operated either among the people or by the government. This research is conducted basing on the theoretical foundation of the Social Control theory (Hirschi, 1969) and the Self-Control theory of Crime. (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990) Questionnaires were used as research method in this research, targeting children and youths staying at the children and youths placement institutes located in Pingtung county, in May, 2019. Of all the questionnaires sent out, 78 valid questionnaires were collected, exploring the connection existing between social control, self-control and the deviation behavior in the children and youths placement institutes. According to the research, it is found that, out of all the four bonds, the gender of the children and youths placed at the institutes, shown significant difference on belief bonds, the length of their staying period at the institutes affects hugely on both attachment and involvement bonds, and the distinct reasons of placements made a difference on attachment, involvement and commitment bonds. The belief bonds cause the most impact on self-control and predict the ability of self-control the best. Social control has a made a noticeable impact on deviation behavior, the higher the control the fewer times deviation behavior happen. Self-control affects quite remarkably on deviation behavior, they are in negative correlation, the lower the self-control the more likely that deviation behavior would occur. Through self-control, the indirect effect social control has on deviation behavior is -.224, it is nonetheless an obvious effect on deviation behavior. Research conclusion: Deviation behavior can be predicted by both social control and self-control. Through self-control, social control increase the precision of the prediction on deviation behavior. Self-control plays an intermediate role in social control and deviation behavior.