析論陰陽五行思想對漢代字辭書編輯體例之影響

A Discussion on How the Perceptions of Yin Yang and the Five Elements Influenced Dictionary Collation in the Han Dynasty

本文以漢代三本重要的字辭書《爾雅》、《說文解字》、《釋名》編輯體例如何受到陰陽五行思想的影響為討論中心。透過析論字辭書中的篇目類聚排序、類中詞條擇選等編輯「形式」，一方面觀察書中的內容釋義與形式體例之義、法如何融攝統一；另一方面，藉由考察形式篇章的規則，分析兩漢小學家如何在架構字辭書的纂輯體例中，體現對陰陽五行思想的理解。此文首先略述陰陽、五行概念的源起與興盛；其次，探究《爾雅》篇目分類、類中字敘，透顯先人倫後自然的理則，與始終相生不息的思想；再者，從《說文》成書的歷史背景談起，再論及「始一終亥」、干支字群組的部首秩序，以及類分排比的字敘規矩；最末探究《釋名》編排篇目、選釋字詞以「法天宗經」、「以人為本」之內涵底蘊。

The discussion in this paper focuses on how the perceptions of Yin Yang and the Five Elements influenced the three most significant dictionaries in the Han dynasty: Erya, Shuowen Jiezi, and Shiming. On the one hand, this paper studied how the contents and explanations of the dictionaries were made compatible with the principles of collation systems through analysis of the editing ＂format＂ of the dictionaries, such as categorization and sequencing of entries, and selection of lexicons. On the other hand, this paper studied the rules of collation and analyzed how Xiaoxue practitioners, or linguists in the Han dynasty, reflected their understanding of Yin Yang and the Five Elements through the establishment of collation systems. This paper first studied how the categorization and lexicons under different entries in Erya were influenced by the perceptions of Yin Yang and the Five Elements. Next, starting from the historical background of Shuowen Jiezi, this paper explored ＂Shi Yi Zhong Hai＂ (literally, starting from one and ending at the word Hai), a unique system of organization based on 540 radicals. Finally, this paper studied the organization of entries in Shiming and its selection of lexicons, which were based on the explanation of philosophical teachings in the Han dynasty, reverence to the gods, and the principle that humans lie at the center of everything.