針灸典籍的傳承與運用

The Legacy and Clinical Applications of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Canons

針術與灸術的起源超過兩千年以上。一般說來是透過四種方式傳承下來。第一種是家族傳承、第二種是弟子學派傳承、第三種是流行於民間廣泛的醫療行為、第四種是針灸文獻典籍的流傳。不容否認地，文獻典籍的傳承是最具有影響力的方式。針灸最早的典籍包括《足臂十一脈灸經》、《陰陽十一脈灸經》、《黃帝內經》、《難經》、與《針灸甲乙經》，這些經典對後代學習者造就出無數的傳承。後代的針灸文獻書籍，參閱、修正、補足額外相關資料，讓此千年醫術變得多采多姿且更為完善。本文旨在專注於從古到今的眾多針灸文獻，彰顯針灸知識的傳承與實踐。主要探討內容含括七大領域，來說明針灸典籍的研究概況：穴道數量之變遷、針刺深度的探討、針灸歌賦的傳承、特定穴的傳承、奇經八脈與八脈交會穴的研究、針灸的時間療法、與針灸的整體性療法。透過這些分析，傳承與臨床的應用可從相關典籍的流傳進展中得到啟發。

The rise of acupuncture and moxibustion can be traced back to more than two thousand years ago. Usually the knowledge of both medical skills has been accumulated and handed down to later generations by four ways. The first way is family heritage. The second way is disciple heritage. The third way is common practices found among people. The fourth way is the heritage of acupuncture literature and canons. Of course, the most influential legacy of acupuncture and moxibustion comes from canons. Earliest canons such as Foot and Arm Eleven Meridian Moxibustion Classic, Ying Yang Eleven Meridian Moxibustion Classic, Huangdi's Internal Classic, Classic of Difficult Issues, and A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion have the greatest impact on later generations. The later acupuncture and moxibustion literature just follow, revise, and add extra information and data to make this ancient medical technique more colorful and better. This essay is to concentrate on acupuncture canons from earliest to the present literature as a way to show how knowledge and practice of both acupuncture and moxibustion are handed down from generation to generation. Thus, from an ocean of diversified canons, seven fields of studies are discussed to show some indispensable ingredients of acupuncture and moxibustion canons: the number of acupoints, depth of inserting needles, rhymed songs and odes of acupuncture, specific acupoints, eight extra meridians and eight confluent acupoints, time therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion, and holistic therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion. In these analyses, legacy and clinical applications are the focal points to show the gradual progress of their reorganization found in these canons.