從以鄰為壑到政策倡導：中國媒體與社會抗爭的互激模式

From 'Not In My Back Yard' to Policy Advocacy: The Co-empowerment Model between Media and Protests in China

中國的社會抗爭正從「以鄰為壑」演變為「政策倡導」。本文透過參與式觀察方法，研究廈門、上海、北京、廣州四個城市中產階級的抗爭案例，指出此一新的抗爭模式出現，主要是媒體與社會抗爭形成「互激模式」的結果。互激模式的出現基於兩個變數：議題進入「高度媒體市民社會」的態勢中形成互激效應；及政策企業家對框架的使用。互激模式推動了社會運動的議題轉換及市民社會的發展。作為一個理論命題，本研究將「媒體環境」、「媒體框架」、「政策倡導」等概念帶入中國社會抗爭研究領域。

Some social protests in China are developing from 'Not In My Back Yard' to policy advocacy agendas. To explain this rising phenomenon, the research compared four middle class protest cases that erupted in major cities (Xiamen, Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou) of China. Using the case study and in-depth interviews as the research methods, the paper argued that the new protest pattern is a dynamics of the interplay process and the result of the co-empowerment model between media and protesters. It can be further specified by two variables: one is whether an agenda enters a highly developed civil society-oriented media system; the other is whether policy entrepreneurs strategically use media framing to forge a new movement culture in the agenda. In an ever changing media environment and market condition, the co-empowerment model can be exemplified by other social movement, thus the study sheds some light in understanding the construction of the Chinese civil movement.