排除或融入：做個就業好公民的障礙者就業論述分析

To Be a Hard-Working Citizen: An Institutional Ethnographic Study of the Employment Discourse for People with Disability

為對抗以強勢語言的霸權地位為前提的全球文學秩序，本文嘗試探討「逆．少數文學」。「逆．少數文學」就是德勒茲與伽塔利「少數文學」（littérature mineure）的反轉，意指自相對強大的語言集團移動至相對弱小的語言集團之文學。本文首先回顧一下，第二次世界大戰後日本所開展的「世界文學」觀之變遷，接著藉由美籍日語作家李維英雄、日籍中文作家新井一二三，探討此種「異邦人」的文學，以摸索更新「世界文學」、「第三世界文學」的可能性。

To promote the employment of persons with disabilities (PWD) is an important social policy issue worldwide. The goal of welfare reform since 1980 in advanced countries has been to reduce welfare dependency by moving people from welfare to work. Without an urgent pressure to reform the welfare system, Taiwan has introduced supported employment services in the 1990s and has endeavored to promote the employment of PWD. However, the situation for PWD has not improved. On the one hand, the welfare services system tries to solve this problem; on the other hand, the rights advocates for PWD seek to deconstruct the problem. This study aims to explore why PWD families prioritized getting jobs instead of other services for the PWD career planning. Based on interviews with PWD families and professionals, the author analyzes how the government, special education system, experts and professionals create the atmosphere in which PWD families must not refuse to get jobs. Those actions also exclude the possibility for developing other service discourses and lead PWD families to believe that the PWD should act as good and hard-working citizens. The study suggests that we should challenge the real meaning of employment and deconstruct the structures for families making decisions. The PWD families will benefit from this change to participate and to be integrated into the society. The professionals should also change the discourse of judging PWD based on paid employment. All these actions can finally contribute to creating multiple and proper services for PWD.