學齡前兒童自律活動之養成研究

Development of Self-Discipline Activity for Preschool Children

本研究以Kohlberg道德發展階段論和Adler人生原型理論〈人生風格〉為基礎，設定以下二個研究目的：1.瞭解學齡前兒童潛在的自律活動之行為，及2.探討自律活動對學齡前兒童身體活動量之影響。方法：4－6歲混齡之學齡前兒童87名為實驗參加者，將其設定為A組〈跑步組，N＝29〉、B組〈繪本跑步組，N＝30〉、C組〈對照組，N＝28〉。研究工具包括CATIGA電子計步器〈T-92型〉，記錄基準週及第2、4、6、8週之身體活動量〈即跑步步數〉。所蒐集資料以共變數分析（ANCOVA）以及混合設計二因子變異數分析（mixed-designed two-way ANOVA）來檢驗各組學齡前兒童之自律行為，並進一步探討自律活動對其身體活動量之影響。結果：1.A組跑步步數由737.8步上升至1431.8步；B組由704.2步上升至1088.8步，二組皆有上升趨勢；C組則無顯著差異。2.A、B組〈自律養成組〉所測得之身體活動量進步率均優於C組〈對照組〉。結論：1.學齡前兒童具有不同程度之自律活動行為，及2.自律活動能提升學齡前兒童之身體活動量。

Based on Kohlberg's stages of moral development and Alder's theory of life prototype (the style of life), the aims of the current study were 1) to understand the potential self-discipline behavior of preschool children, and 2) to investigate the impact of self-discipline behavior on the physical activity of preschool children. Eighty-seven kindergarten children (4-6 years old) from Taipei city participated in the study. They were assigned to three groups: group A (running group, n = 29), group B (picture book and running group, n =30), and group C (control group, n = 28). With the recording of the CATIGA electronic pedometer (T-92), we measured children's amounts of physical activity (i.e. running steps) in the baseline, 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th weeks. The collected data were analyzed via the ANCOVA and the 2 (groups) by 5 (weeks) mixed-designed two-way ANOVA. All statistical difference levels were at α = .05. Results: 1. The running steps changed from 737.8 steps to 1431.8 steps and from 704.2 to 1088.8 steps for group A and group B, respectively; there showed non-significant differences in group C's steps. 2. The rate of improvement in physical activity measured in groups A and B (self-discipline group) were better than group C (control group). Conclusions: 1. Preschool children have different levels of self-discipline behavior. 2. Self-discipline activity improves the physical activity of the preschool children.