節制私人資本、護衛公共責任：南韓電視體制的演進

Regulating Private Capital and Defending Public Responsibilities: The Evolution of Television System in South Korea

本文採取歷史研究途徑，分析南韓基於何種政策邏輯，維持公有電視的優勢並節制私人資本。根據相關研究，資本主義後進國家在私有化浪潮下被迫調整電視體制，其方式大致可分放任、介入兩種。南韓採介入方式，在1990年代初期為提高本地電視內容的多樣性，開放私人電視台，但仍限制私人資本之擴張與集中；在2000年迫於外資進入才略為放鬆，但確立電視的公共責任並確保公有電視在新平台的優勢。本文旨在探究南韓電視體制發展的來龍去脈，以理解彼邦之經驗。

Since the 1990s, despite the trend of privatization, public television system has been dominant in South Korea and the process of privatization only took place gradually. To understand the dynamic process, this paper primarily focused on the question of how the historical contexts enabled South Korea to regulate the private capitals and protect public broadcasters. According to related studies, when confronting the trend of deregulation, most countries adopted either a laissez-faire policy or an intervention one. In the South Korean case, the state has adopted the latter one. In the 1990s, facing the competition of foreign programs, South Korea introduced private capitals, yet regulating them and protecting public broadcasters. After 2000, with the arrival of foreign capitals, South Korea began to relax the control on private capitals, yet still offering the privileges to public broadcasters in new platforms. This paper adopted the historical approach to analyze the evolution of the Korean broadcasting system.