民法典登記離婚冷靜期條款的解釋論

interpretation of the Cooling-off Period for the Registration of Divorce inthe Civil Code

民法典設立登記離婚冷靜期有歷史和實證依據可循，符合降低登記離婚率、防止輕率的登記離婚、平衡登記離婚的自由理念與訴訟離婚的嚴格理念的立法意旨。從文本出發，《民法典》第1077條構成兩條規則：第1款的登記離婚冷靜期與可以撤回以及第2款的登記離婚冷靜期與視為撤回，應當分別對其進行釋義。當事人申請離婚且三十天撤回（第1款的冷靜期），或在三十天內不申請發放離婚證（第2款的冷靜期），都可達到冷靜的效果。但受到倫理價值、離婚自由以及秩序價值的影響，當事人、家庭以及社會之間時有利益衝突和矛盾，尚需對離婚冷靜期的適用進行價值判斷和選擇。根據具體適用情形中主導的價值理念的不同，冷靜期條款可歸為應當適用、區分適用和排除適用三種基本類型，以此對文本展開價值解釋。

The Civil Code has a historical and empirical basis for establishing the cooling-off period for registered divorce, which is in line with the legislative intent of reducing the registered divorce rate, preventing inadvertent registered divorce, balancing the freedom of registered divorce and the strict concept of litigation divorce. Proceeding from the text, Article 1077 constitutes two complete laws: the cooling-off period for registration of divorce in paragraph 1 and the possibility of withdrawal and the cooling-off period for registration of divorce in paragraph 2 and deemed withdrawal, shall be interpreted separately. The parties can apply for divorce and withdraw within 30 days (the cooling-off period of paragraph 1), or do not apply for the issuance of a divorce certificate within 30 days (the cooling-off period of paragraph 2), which can achieve the cooling effect. However, due to the influence of ethical value, freedom of divorce and order value, there are conflicts of interest between parties, families and society. it is still necessary to judge and choose the value of the divorce cooling-off period. According to the different value concepts dominated in the specific application situation, the cooling-off period clause can be classified into three basic types: basic types, differentiated types, and excluded types, in order to explain the value of the text.