跨境電子數據取證規則的反思與重構

Research on Cross-border Data Collection in Criminal Justice

在刑事司法領域，我國立足于自身利益最大化原則，對偵查機關收集境外數據持主動放寬的態度；同時，為限制他國調取我國境內數據，確立數據本地化存儲模式、出境安全評估機制以及刑事司法協助分段式審查模式。然而，由于數據的虛擬性與海量性，導致我國針對境內數據的單邊立法難以實現預期目的。基于數據之上的多重利益結構，明確數據主權、強調數據本地化存儲具有正當性，但會導致跨境數據調取無法擺脫“緩慢、低效”的困境。綜合比較美國長臂管轄模式與歐盟數據分類管理制度的實施情況，在我國國內立法上，應該堅持以數據本地化存儲為基礎，完善數據分類、分級管理的體系。同時，為解決各國分散式立法帶來的混亂局面，我國應當作為積極的規則推動者，構建跨境數據取證的國際統一方案，以實現跨境數據取證兼顧“尊重數據主權”與“快捷、高效”的目的。

in criminal justice era, based on the principle of maximizing our own interests, China takes an active and relaxed attitude toward overseas data collection legislation. in data outflow, in order to restrict the access of domestic data from other countries, we establish the data localization storage mode, exit security evaluation mechanism and segmented review mode in judicial assistance. Based on the multi-interest structure of data, it is legitimate to clarify data sovereignty and emphasize data localization storage. However, due to the virtual and mass characters of data, it is difficult to achieve the expected purpose of protecting domestic data. Based on the multi-interest structure of data, it is legitimate to clarify data sovereignty and emphasize data localization storage. but it will lead to the difficulty of ' slow and low efficiency' in cross-border data collection. in order to speed up the cross-border transfer of data in criminal justice, after comparing the long arm jurisdiction mode of the United States, and the data classification management system of the European Union, we should in China's domestic legislation adhere to the local data storage as the basis to improve the data classification management. At the same time, in order to achieve the goal of ' respecting data sovereignty' and ' speedy and efficient' in cross-border data collection, China should act as an active rule promoter to construct an international unified scheme for cross-border data collection.