國家治理體系中的檢察機關：組織環境與法理構造

On Procuratorial Organs in National Governance System: Environment of Organizationand Structure of Jurisprudence

我國被認為屬于能動型國家，中央政府具有改造社會的宏大願景與統一的理論體系，國家政策實施是治理的基本內容之一。鑒于疆土遼闊導致的治理規模龐大、區域差異以及社會經濟的轉型變遷等因素，“行政發包制”成了我國在治理形式上的必然選擇。不過，層層發包、逐級細化的政策實施路徑同時也衍生出某些地方政府可能會偏離軌範、自作主張的負作用。對此，無論是行政體系內的常規考核檢查，還是間斷性的運動型治理，都無法起到理想意義上的糾偏矯正效用，故而在某些領域形成了一幅“治絲愈紊”的地方困局。在政策實施型司法的功能語境下，檢察機關作為我國憲法所專門規設的法律監督機關，應當有所作為，須通過矯正行政違法、修復法律秩序而促成國家政策的統一實施。但由于組織環繞的制約與權能不盡協調匹配的問題，使之採取了非競爭性的策略。就此而論，重塑法律監督制度具有關鍵性意義，這是回應新時代國家治理的需要。

China is an activist state which has great vision and uniform theory system to reform society. The administrative subcontract is an inevitable choice for national governance due to vast territory, regional difference and social transformation. However, this pattern of policy-implementing gives rise to deviation from spirits of our central government. This problem administrative internal check and evaluation and campaign-style governance are invalid for leads to predicament of local governance. Therefore, it is necessary to start external supervision up. As national legal supervision organization regulated by constitution, procuratorial organs ought to implement the supervisory duty to bring about uniform implementation of national policy through restoration of legal order in the functional context of policy-implementing judiciary. But procuratorial organs adopts noncompetitive strategy to administrative organ as binding of organization environment and imbalance between powers and functions. in this regard, remolding legal supervision is not only to fulfill constitutional promise, but also to satisfy demand of national governance.