從風險預防觀點探討水土保持計畫核定的法律議題

在今日風險社會中，人類對於自然環境存在許多未知事項無法掌握，預防災害應從危害預防提前到風險預防。行政機關預防災害監督除合法性監督外，還有合目的性專業監督。在個別法律的專業監督，應將風險管理做為審查與監督的標準。國家基於保護義務，事先建構風險管理的制度，以保護人民生命、身體或財產等重要法益，以免保護有所不足。法治國家對於風險預防的界限，固要求干預應符合法律明確性，但宜由行政機關事先建立監督的審查標準以利執行。本文探討水土保持計畫的核定審查程序採取風險高低程度的分級管理，並以水土保持技術規範做為風險決定的審查標準，作為維護水土保持的風險管理措施。

In the risk society, human beings have many unknowns about the natural environment that cannot be grasped, and disaster prevention should be advanced from hazard prevention to risk prevention. In addition to legality supervision, disaster prevention supervision of administrative organs also has purposeful professional supervision. Professional supervision of administrative laws, risk management should be the standard for review and supervision. Based on the obligation to protect, the state constructs a risk management system in advance to protect important legal interests such as people's life, body, or property, so as to prevent inadequate protection. Regarding the limits of risk prevention, countries under the rule of law firmly require that the intervention should comply with the clarity of the law, but it is advisable for administrative agencies to establish inspection standards for supervision in advance to facilitate implementation. This article discusses the approval and review procedures for soil and water conservation plans, which adopt a hierarchical management of risk levels, and uses soil and water conservation technical specifications as the review criteria for risk determination as risk management measures for maintaining soil and water conservation.