歧視或自我放棄？更生人就業再探

Discriminate or Give up? Revisiting the Employment of Ex-prisoners

目前台灣矯正機關收容人人數持續維持在高點。而監獄人口逐漸上升且新入監受刑人中在再累犯的比例亦逐年升高居高不下。穩定的工作不但可以維持更生人復歸社會後的基本生活開銷，更重要的事重建自信心，附著於符合常規的生活、建立歸屬感，以減少再犯的關鍵因素之一。然而，更生人除了學歷以及工作技能較為不足，監禁更為更生人增加就業與維持工作的困難。監禁所帶來的一個重要影響即是標籤與污名化。這不但包含了社會大眾對於更生人的反應，也包含了更生人將此內化後產生的自我污名化。本研究將以分析更生人求職管道、就業狀況、就業類型、失業原因以及對薪資的預期，做為自我污名化應用於更生人就業的初步探討。研究發現，更生人在就業求職的過程中，
自我放棄扮演著重要的因素。

Even though the prison population in Taiwan are not as high as 10 years ago, prison population is about the same as that of countries with much bigger overall populations such as Japan, France, Germany or the United Kingdom. Moreover, the recidivism rates were increased over the past few decades. Most criminological research indicated a strong inverse relationship between employment and crime, suggesting that ex-prisoners with stable employments were less likely to reoffend than their counterpart without employment. However, ex-offenders face significant barriers to employment after release from prison, such as employer attitudes toward individuals with criminal records, legal barriers, educational and financial obstacles, substance abuse and health issues, and lack of stable housing. This study discussed the applications of self-stigma by analyzed the sources of job search, employment status, type of job, causes of unemployment, and salary expectations. The results indicated that given up played an important role in ex-prisoners’job searching.