食品安全監督抽檢制度的規範建構

食品安全監督抽檢作為食品安全監管過程中的關鍵環節，肩負著發現食品安全問題和實施有效監管措施之銜接的重任。隨著抽檢範圍和抽檢數量的不斷擴大，食品安全監督抽檢面臨的合法性危機日益嚴峻。行政行為形式理論研究範式下的既有研究，無論“行政確認說”抑或“行政調查說”都是對處於末端環節的檢驗行為之檢視，無法完整揭示食品安全監督抽檢過程性構造的全貌。行政過程論視野下的食品安全監督抽檢包含著作為內部行政行為的行政抽樣和作為具體行政行為的行政檢驗，其所形成的否定性檢驗結論通常作為實施後續行政監管措施（行政處罰為主）的主要事實依據。對此，食品安全監督抽檢制度應當從創設准據、適用範圍、程式規範和救濟管道等方面建構合法性控制機制，以確保其能夠持續作用於我國食品安全保障的系統工程。

Food sampling inspection, as a crucial link in the process of food safety supervision, plays an important role in finding food safety problems and implementing effective supervision measures. With the expanding scope and quantity of sampling inspection, the legitimacy crisis of food sampling inspection becomes even more serious. The existing researches under the theoretical research paradigm of the form of administrative behavior, which contain the ''administrative confirmation theory'' and the ''administrative investigation theory'', is an analysis of the inspection behavior at the terminal part, failing to fully reveal the nature of the phased structure of food sampling inspection. From the perspective of administrative process theory, the sampling inspection due to food safety supervision includes administrative sampling as internal administrative acts and administrative inspection as specific administrative acts. Thereinto, the negative test conclusion usually serves as the main factual basis for the implementation of the follow-up administrative supervision measures. Therefore, food sampling inspection system should establish the legality control mechanism from the aspects of the basis for the formulation, the scope of the application, the specification of the procedure and the method of the relief, ensuring that it can continue to improve food safety assurance in China.